高空平台站让6G实现天地融合，补盲又高效。
Bridging Earth and Space: A Survey on HAPS for Non-Terrestrial Networks
- 系统梳理高空平台站技术与6G网络融合路径
- 支持偏远地区覆盖、海量物联网及低延迟服务
- 适合关注6G未来架构与空天通信的研究者
高空平台站（HAPS）正成为6G无线网络演进的关键使能技术，连接地面与非地面基础设施。在平流层运行的HAPS可提供广域覆盖、低延迟、高能效的宽带通信，并具备灵活部署能力，适用于多样化应用场景。本文全面综述了HAPS在6G生态系统中的应用案例、核心技术与集成策略，讨论其在扩展偏远地区连通性、支持动态回传、赋能大规模物联网以及为自动驾驶和沉浸式服务提供可靠低延迟通信中的作用。文章回顾了地基与非地基网络集成的前沿架构，重点分析近期实地试验成果。同时，深入探讨关键使能技术，包括信道建模、基于AI的资源分配、干扰控制、移动性管理与节能通信。最后，指出现有研究挑战。通过填补文献空白，本文将HAPS定位为全球互联、弹性且可持续6G网络的基石。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
HAPS are emerging as key enablers in the evolution of 6G wireless networks, bridging terrestrial and non-terrestrial infrastructures. Operating in the stratosphere, HAPS can provide wide-area coverage, low-latency, energy-efficient broadband communications with flexible deployment options for diverse applications. This survey delivers a comprehensive overview of HAPS use cases, technologies, and integration strategies within the 6G ecosystem. The roles of HAPS in extending connectivity to underserved regions, supporting dynamic backhauling, enabling massive IoT, and delivering reliable low-latency communications for autonomous and immersive services are discussed. The paper reviews state-of-the-art architectures for terrestrial and non-terrestrial network integration, highlights recent field trials. Furthermore, key enabling technologies such as channel modeling, AI-driven resource allocation, interference control, mobility management, and energy-efficient communications are examined. The paper also outlines open research challenges. By addressing existing gaps in the literature, this survey positions HAPS as a foundational component of globally integrated, resilient, and sustainable 6G networks.
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