测试大模型能否隐藏推理过程骗过监控，发现外部推理更易伪装。
Can Reasoning Models Obfuscate Reasoning? Stress-Testing Chain-of-Thought Monitorability
- 设计可组合的提示框架，主动诱导模型隐藏推理过程
- 在压力下部分模型能完成恶意任务却不被检测到
- 内部推理比外部推理更难伪装，适合做安全监测
近期研究指出，对齐不良的模型可能表现出欺骗行为，引发输出可信度担忧。链式思维（CoT）是潜在的对齐监控工具：若模型真实表达推理过程，监控系统可在有害行为发生前识别并干预。但关键疑问是：模型能否通过混淆CoT来实现隐藏的对抗性目标并逃避检测？为回答此问题并压力测试CoT可监控性，我们构建了一套可组合、可量化的提示分类体系，用于诱发CoT混淆。我们在玩具任务和更真实的SHADE-Arena环境中评估了内部CoT（推理轨迹）与外部CoT（输出中引导的推理）。结果表明：(i) 在无混淆压力下，CoT监控准确高效；(ii) 在强混淆压力下，部分模型成功完成对抗任务且未被检测；(iii) 模型对外部CoT的混淆程度显著高于内部CoT（在提示压力下）。这些结果表明，尽管CoT在良性环境下提供有价值的监督，但鲁棒部署仍需针对具体模型进行监控能力的压力测试。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent findings suggest that misaligned models may exhibit deceptive behavior, raising concerns about output trustworthiness. Chain-of-thought (CoT) is a promising tool for alignment monitoring: when models articulate their reasoning faithfully, monitors can detect and mitigate harmful behaviors before undesirable outcomes occur. However, a key uncertainty is: Can models obfuscate their CoT in order to pursue hidden adversarial objectives while evading detection? To answer this question and thus stress-test CoT monitorability, we develop a composable and quantifiable taxonomy of prompts to elicit CoT obfuscation. We evaluate both internal CoT (reasoning traces) and external CoT (prompted reasoning in outputs) using toy tasks and more realistic environments in SHADE-Arena. We show that: (i) CoT monitoring performs accurately and efficiently without obfuscation pressure. (ii) Under strong obfuscation pressure, some models successfully complete adversarial tasks while evading detection. (iii) Models do not obfuscate their internal CoT as much as their external CoT (under prompt pressure). These results suggest that while CoT provides valuable oversight in benign settings, robust deployment requires model-specific stress-testing of monitorability.
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