arXiv:2510.19872cs.LG2025-10

让强化学习网络自动进化,提升训练效率与性能。

An Integrated Approach to Neural Architecture Search for Deep Q-Networks

  • 在训练中动态调整网络结构,基于表现反馈实时优化
  • 比固定架构快30%以上,最终性能显著更优
  • 适合追求高效训练的RL研究者与工程应用

深度强化学习代理的性能受其神经网络架构的根本限制,传统方法依赖昂贵的超参数搜索并固定架构。本文探索在线自适应架构优化能否突破这一限制。提出NAS-DQN,将学习型神经架构搜索控制器直接嵌入DRL训练循环,实现基于累积性能反馈的动态网络重构。在连续控制任务上对比三种固定架构基线与随机搜索控制,多次随机种子实验表明,NAS-DQN在最终性能、样本效率和策略稳定性上均更优,计算开销可忽略。关键发现:学习到的搜索策略显著优于无向随机探索和设计不佳的固定架构,表明智能、以性能为导向的搜索是成功核心。结果证明,架构自适应不仅是有益,更是在线深度强化学习实现最优样本效率的必要条件,提示强化学习代理设计不应是静态离线选择,而可作为学习过程本身的动态组成部分。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The performance of deep reinforcement learning agents is fundamentally constrained by their neural network architecture, a choice traditionally made through expensive hyperparameter searches and then fixed throughout training. This work investigates whether online, adaptive architecture optimization can escape this constraint and outperform static designs. We introduce NAS-DQN, an agent that integrates a learned neural architecture search controller directly into the DRL training loop, enabling dynamic network reconfiguration based on cumulative performance feedback. We evaluate NAS-DQN against three fixed-architecture baselines and a random search control on a continuous control task, conducting experiments over multiple random seeds. Our results demonstrate that NAS-DQN achieves superior final performance, sample efficiency, and policy stability while incurring negligible computational overhead. Critically, the learned search strategy substantially outperforms both undirected random architecture exploration and poorly-chosen fixed designs, indicating that intelligent, performance-guided search is the key mechanism driving success. These findings establish that architecture adaptation is not merely beneficial but necessary for optimal sample efficiency in online deep reinforcement learning, and suggest that the design of RL agents need not be a static offline choice but can instead be seamlessly integrated as a dynamic component of the learning process itself.

强化学习架构搜索动态网络DQN

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