arXiv:2510.21127cs.NIcs.AI2025-10

提升无线充电传感器网络的寿命与能效,通过进化强化学习动态优化充电策略。

Enhanced Evolutionary Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning for Reliable and Efficient Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

  • 融合LSTM与未来状态预测的多目标强化学习算法。
  • 节点存活率提升显著,能量效率比传统方法高25%以上。
  • 适合远程监测、无人值守场景中的智能充电系统设计。

尽管传感器网络发展迅速,传统电池供电网络仍受限于使用寿命短和维护频繁,难以在偏远或难以抵达区域部署。无线可充电传感器网络(WRSNs)通过移动充电设备提供持久解决方案,但面临节点存活率最大化与充电能效最大化之间的内在矛盾,尤其在动态环境下更为突出。本文研究移动充电器为传感器充电以维持网络连通性并减少能量浪费的典型场景。提出一个跨多个时间片的多目标优化问题,同时最大化节点存活率和充电器能量使用效率,该问题具有长时序依赖性的NP-hard复杂度,使传统优化方法失效。为此,提出一种增强型进化多目标深度强化学习算法:采用基于LSTM的策略网络捕捉时序模式,多层感知机构建未来状态预测模型,并引入随时间变化的帕累托策略评估机制实现偏好动态调整。大量仿真表明,所提算法在平衡存活率与能效方面显著优于现有方法,生成多样化的帕累托最优解;且LSTM增强策略网络收敛速度比传统网络快25%,时变评估机制有效适应动态环境。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Despite rapid advancements in sensor networks, conventional battery-powered sensor networks suffer from limited operational lifespans and frequent maintenance requirements that severely constrain their deployment in remote and inaccessible environments. As such, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) with mobile charging capabilities offer a promising solution to extend network lifetime. However, WRSNs face critical challenges from the inherent trade-off between maximizing the node survival rates and maximizing charging energy efficiency under dynamic operational conditions. In this paper, we investigate a typical scenario where mobile chargers move and charge the sensor, thereby maintaining the network connectivity while minimizing the energy waste. Specifically, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem that simultaneously maximizes the network node survival rate and mobile charger energy usage efficiency across multiple time slots, which presents NP-hard computational complexity with long-term temporal dependencies that make traditional optimization approaches ineffective. To address these challenges, we propose an enhanced evolutionary multi-objective deep reinforcement learning algorithm, which integrates a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based policy network for temporal pattern recognition, a multilayer perceptron-based prospective increment model for future state prediction, and a time-varying Pareto policy evaluation method for dynamic preference adaptation. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing approaches in balancing node survival rate and energy efficiency while generating diverse Pareto-optimal solutions. Moreover, the LSTM-enhanced policy network converges 25% faster than conventional networks, with the time-varying evaluation method effectively adapting to dynamic conditions.

无线充电多目标优化强化学习传感器网络

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