arXiv:2510.21210cs.LGmath.ST2025-10

让生成模型的每一步都对应物理过程,变得可解释。

On the flow matching interpretability

  • 用物理模型约束每一步生成,使中间过程有明确物理解释。
  • 在不同网格大小下保持物理保真度,生成速度远超蒙特卡洛方法。
  • 适合关注生成过程可解释性与物理模拟的研究者。

基于流匹配的生成模型在多个领域表现优异,但其生成过程的中间步骤缺乏可解释性。这些模型通过一系列向量场更新将噪声转化为数据,但每一步的具体意义不明确。本文提出一种通用框架,将每个流步骤约束为来自已知物理分布的采样,使流轨迹映射并沿模拟物理过程的平衡态演化。通过二维伊辛模型实现:流步骤对应参数化降温过程中的热平衡点。所提架构包含编码器(将离散伊辛配置映射到连续潜空间)、流匹配网络(执行温度驱动扩散)和投影器(返回离散伊辛状态并保留物理约束)。在多种晶格尺寸下验证,该框架在保持物理保真度的同时,生成速度随晶格增大显著优于蒙特卡洛方法。相比标准流匹配,每个向量场均代表伊辛模型潜空间中具物理意义的逐步转换,证明将物理语义嵌入生成流,可将模糊神经轨迹转化为可解释的物理过程。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative models based on flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in various domains, yet they suffer from a fundamental limitation: the lack of interpretability in their intermediate generation steps. In fact these models learn to transform noise into data through a series of vector field updates, however the meaning of each step remains opaque. We address this problem by proposing a general framework constraining each flow step to be sampled from a known physical distribution. Flow trajectories are mapped to (and constrained to traverse) the equilibrium states of the simulated physical process. We implement this approach through the 2D Ising model in such a way that flow steps become thermal equilibrium points along a parametric cooling schedule. Our proposed architecture includes an encoder that maps discrete Ising configurations into a continuous latent space, a flow-matching network that performs temperature-driven diffusion, and a projector that returns to discrete Ising states while preserving physical constraints. We validate this framework across multiple lattice sizes, showing that it preserves physical fidelity while outperforming Monte Carlo generation in speed as the lattice size increases. In contrast with standard flow matching, each vector field represents a meaningful stepwise transition in the 2D Ising model's latent space. This demonstrates that embedding physical semantics into generative flows transforms opaque neural trajectories into interpretable physical processes.

流匹配可解释性物理建模伊辛模型

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