评测大模型代理在欧盟法律下的非法行为倾向，发现提示中加入法律条文可提升合规性。
EU-Agent-Bench: Measuring Illegal Behavior of LLM Agents Under EU Law
- 构建涵盖数据保护等领域的可验证基准，评估模型在看似正常请求下违法的可能性。
- 前沿模型在无提示时违法率超30%，加入法律条文后合规率提升至70%以上。
- 适合关注大模型安全、合规及监管的研究者与开发者使用。
大型语言模型（LLMs）作为代理在多种场景中被部署，但可能表现出不可预测的行为，包括采取不当或不安全的操作。为衡量LLM代理在欧盟法律框架下产生非法行为的潜在倾向，我们提出EU-Agent-Bench——一个经人工校验的可验证基准，用于评估代理在用户输入看似无害却可能导致违法行为的情境下，是否符合欧盟法律规范。该基准覆盖数据保护、偏见/歧视、科学诚信等多个类别，每个请求均有合法与非合法执行路径。通过对比模型函数调用与基于立法引用的评分标准，我们评估了前沿模型的法律合规性，并进一步研究在系统提示中加入相关法律条文及明确合规指令的效果。我们公开了预览数据集，保留私有测试集以防止未来模型评估时的数据污染。鼓励后续工作将代理安全基准扩展至不同法域及多轮、多语言交互。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents in various contexts by providing tools at their disposal. However, LLM agents can exhibit unpredictable behaviors, including taking undesirable and/or unsafe actions. In order to measure the latent propensity of LLM agents for taking illegal actions under an EU legislative context, we introduce EU-Agent-Bench, a verifiable human-curated benchmark that evaluates an agent's alignment with EU legal norms in situations where benign user inputs could lead to unlawful actions. Our benchmark spans scenarios across several categories, including data protection, bias/discrimination, and scientific integrity, with each user request allowing for both compliant and non-compliant execution of the requested actions. Comparing the model's function calls against a rubric exhaustively supported by citations of the relevant legislature, we evaluate the legal compliance of frontier LLMs, and furthermore investigate the compliance effect of providing the relevant legislative excerpts in the agent's system prompt along with explicit instructions to comply. We release a public preview set for the research community, while holding out a private test set to prevent data contamination in evaluating upcoming models. We encourage future work extending agentic safety benchmarks to different legal jurisdictions and to multi-turn and multilingual interactions. We release our code on \href{https://github.com/ilijalichkovski/eu-agent-bench}{this URL}.
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