用自编码器存任务权重,让大模型学新任务不遗忘旧知识。
COLA: Continual Learning via Autoencoder Retrieval of Adapters
- 通过自编码器压缩任务权重为低维嵌入,实现轻量知识存储。
- 在多个任务上保持旧任务性能,参数用量减少超过50%。
- 无需数据重放或大量专属参数,适合资源受限的持续学习场景。
持续学习(CL)因灾难性遗忘而极具挑战,大型语言模型(LLM)频繁重训练成本高昂且易遗忘。本文提出COLA框架,利用自编码器学习各任务权重的低维嵌入,实现知识高效迁移。该方法在不使用数据回放或大量任务专属参数的情况下,使LLM以极少训练即可掌握新任务,同时几乎不损失旧任务性能,且无需保留历史训练数据。在任务导向对话与意图分类等多个数据集上的实证表明,COLA不仅有效缓解灾难性遗忘,还在多任务场景下显著降低参数量与内存占用,优于现有最先进方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning a set of tasks over time, also known as continual learning (CL), is one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence due to catastrophic forgetting. Large language models (LLMs) are often impractical to frequent re-training and continual learning , due to high cost of computational resources for training. Moreover, LLM are not suitable for continual learning as updating these models over time for acquiring new knowledge leads to overwrites existing knowledge leading to common phenomenon know as \textit{catastrophic forgetting}. In this paper, we aim to address these concerns using a novel framework , COLA that employs an autoencoder to learn capture low-dimensional embeddings of the weights associated with various tasks. Our approach facilitates the transfer of knowledge to new tasks while preventing catastrophic forgetting, all without using data replay or a substantial set of task-specific parameters. Our approach, COLA, makes the LLM efficiently learn new tasks with minimal training, insignificant performance degradation on previous tasks, and eliminates the need for retaining earlier training data. Empirical evaluation on different datasets ranging from task oriented dialouge system to intent classsfication datasets showcases that our method not only overcomes catastrophic forgetting but also achieves significant reduction in parameter usage and memory size, across multiple tasks and outperforming the existing state of the art methods across multiple datasets.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。