arXiv:2510.21894cs.CLcs.AI2025-10

用自然语言查询网络配置,让非专家也能快速理解复杂网络行为。

Understanding Network Behaviors through Natural Language Question-Answering

  • 通过树状分块和统一事实图,解决多设备配置的语义割裂与格式差异问题。
  • 在真实网络数据上实现90%以上准确率,支持跨厂商、跨协议的可扩展查询。
  • 适合网络运维人员、初学者使用,无需掌握专业配置语言。

现代大规模网络的行为理解面临显著复杂性,易导致误配置风险。以往方法依赖领域特定语言与形式化模型挖掘配置信息,虽有效但学习成本高、灵活性差。相较之下,自然语言(NL)提供更直观的交互方式,近年大语言模型(LLMs)的发展进一步推动了基于自然语言的网络行为理解研究。然而仍存在三大挑战:1)大量路由器设备与长配置文件超出LLM的长上下文处理能力;2)设备与协议异构性限制系统可扩展性;3)复杂拓扑与协议需超越当前LLM能力的高级推理。为此,我们提出NetMind框架,通过树状配置分块策略保持语义连贯性并提升处理效率;构建统一事实图作为中间表示,归一化厂商特有配置;设计混合命令式-声明式语言,减轻LLM推理负担并提升精度。我们还构建了一个包含自然语言问答对与网络配置的数据集。实验表明,NetMind在准确性与可扩展性上均优于现有基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modern large-scale networks introduce significant complexity in understanding network behaviors, increasing the risk of misconfiguration. Prior work proposed to understand network behaviors by mining network configurations, typically relying on domain-specific languages interfaced with formal models. While effective, they suffer from a steep learning curve and limited flexibility. In contrast, natural language (NL) offers a more accessible and interpretable interface, motivating recent research on NL-guided network behavior understanding. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) further enhance this direction, leveraging their extensive prior knowledge of network concepts and strong reasoning capabilities. However, three key challenges remain: 1) numerous router devices with lengthy configuration files challenge LLM's long-context understanding ability; 2) heterogeneity across devices and protocols impedes scalability; and 3) complex network topologies and protocols demand advanced reasoning abilities beyond the current capabilities of LLMs. To tackle the above challenges, we propose NetMind, a novel framework for querying networks using NL. Our approach introduces a tree-based configuration chunking strategy to preserve semantic coherence while enabling efficient partitioning. We then construct a unified fact graph as an intermediate representation to normalize vendor-specific configurations. Finally, we design a hybrid imperative-declarative language to reduce the reasoning burden on LLMs and enhance precision. We contribute a benchmark consisting of NL question-answer pairs paired with network configurations. Experiments demonstrate that NetMind achieves accurate and scalable network behavior understanding, outperforming existing baselines.

自然语言网络运维大模型应用

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