arXiv:2510.21995cs.LGcs.AI2025-10被引 2

大模型时代,蒙特卡洛方法也能实现经验拼接,不再依赖时序差分学习。

Is Temporal Difference Learning the Gold Standard for Stitching in RL?

  • 用函数逼近研究蒙特卡洛与时序差分在经验拼接上的表现差异。
  • 蒙特卡洛方法在大模型下可实现接近时序差分的拼接能力。
  • 模型规模扩大能显著缩小两类方法的性能差距,适合大规模RL研究者。

强化学习(RL)承诺在仅包含行为片段的训练数据中解决长时程任务。这一经验拼接能力通常被认为是时序差分(TD)方法的专长。然而,在非小规模表格设置中,轨迹几乎不相交,这挑战了传统认知。此外,普遍认为蒙特卡洛(MC)方法无法重组经验,但函数逼近是否能带来隐式拼接仍不明确。本文通过实验研究函数逼近下传统拼接观念是否成立。结果表明,蒙特卡洛方法同样可实现经验拼接。尽管TD方法表现略优(符合传统认知),但其优势远小于大神经网络与小网络之间的差距(即使在简单任务上)。我们发现,增加评估器容量能有效缩小MC与TD方法的泛化差距。结果提示,在大模型时代,传统的TD归纳偏置对拼接可能并非必需,且收益递减。此外,拼接作为强化学习特有的泛化形式,或许可通过与其它机器学习领域相同的路径实现——即通过规模扩大。项目网站:https://michalbortkiewicz.github.io/golden-standard/

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to solve long-horizon tasks even when training data contains only short fragments of the behaviors. This experience stitching capability is often viewed as the purview of temporal difference (TD) methods. However, outside of small tabular settings, trajectories never intersect, calling into question this conventional wisdom. Moreover, the common belief is that Monte Carlo (MC) methods should not be able to recombine experience, yet it remains unclear whether function approximation could result in a form of implicit stitching. The goal of this paper is to empirically study whether the conventional wisdom about stitching actually holds in settings where function approximation is used. We empirically demonstrate that Monte Carlo (MC) methods can also achieve experience stitching. While TD methods do achieve slightly stronger capabilities than MC methods (in line with conventional wisdom), that gap is significantly smaller than the gap between small and large neural networks (even on quite simple tasks). We find that increasing critic capacity effectively reduces the generalization gap for both the MC and TD methods. These results suggest that the traditional TD inductive bias for stitching may be less necessary in the era of large models for RL and, in some cases, may offer diminishing returns. Additionally, our results suggest that stitching, a form of generalization unique to the RL setting, might be achieved not through specialized algorithms (temporal difference learning) but rather through the same recipe that has provided generalization in other machine learning settings (via scale). Project website: https://michalbortkiewicz.github.io/golden-standard/

强化学习经验拼接函数逼近大模型

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