用紧凑阵列评估声场方向与扩散度，精度媲美高阶球形阵列
A framework for diffuseness evaluation using a tight-frame microphone array configuration
- 基于速度协方差建模，统一处理不同阵列结构的扩散度计算
- 紧框架阵列实现近似各向同性采样，扩散度还原效果接近高阶球阵
- 适用于宽带空间声场分析，适合实际部署的紧凑型麦克风系统
本文提出一种统一框架，利用不同空间配置的实际麦克风阵列同时估计声场方向与扩散度。基于协方差的扩散度模型，构建仅依赖速度的协方差方法，在无需模式去相关或球谐分解的情况下，实现异构阵列间的扩散度一致性评估。对比了A格式阵列、刚性球阵列和新提出的紧框架阵列，通过仿真与实测实验验证：紧框架阵列具备近似各向同性的方向采样能力，其扩散度特性可媲美更高阶球形阵列，且物理结构紧凑。进一步在该框架下评估了基于声强的方向到达估计精度。研究成果将理论扩散度分析与可实现阵列设计相连接，支持鲁棒宽带空间声场表征方法的发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This work presents a unified framework for estimating both sound-field direction and diffuseness using practical microphone arrays with different spatial configurations. Building on covariance-based diffuseness models, we formulate a velocity-only covariance approach that enables consistent diffuseness evaluation across heterogeneous array geometries without requiring mode whitening or spherical-harmonic decomposition. Three array types -- an A-format array, a rigid-sphere array, and a newly proposed tight-frame array -- are modeled and compared through both simulations and measurement-based experiments. The results show that the tight-frame configuration achieves near-isotropic directional sampling and reproduces diffuseness characteristics comparable to those of higher-order spherical arrays, while maintaining a compact physical structure. We further examine the accuracy of direction-of-arrival estimation based on acoustic intensity within the same framework. These findings connect theoretical diffuseness analysis with implementable array designs and support the development of robust, broadband methods for spatial-sound-field characterization.
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