arXiv:2510.22489cs.CLcs.LG2025-10被引 1

让大模型剪枝同时保留特定任务能力,简单有效。

Frustratingly Easy Task-aware Pruning for Large Language Models

  • 融合通用与任务特异性数据计算参数重要性
  • 在相同压缩比下,多任务性能优于基线方法
  • 适合需要保留专业能力的场景,如医疗、法律

剪枝是降低大语言模型(LLM)运行资源消耗的实用方案,有助于释放其高效能力并控制训练与推理成本。现有剪枝方法通常基于参数大小和校准数据激活值对参数重要性排序,移除或屏蔽低重要性参数以减小模型规模。然而,这些方法主要关注保持生成流畅句子的能力,忽视了特定领域与任务的表现。本文提出一种简单而有效的剪枝方法,在压缩参数空间的同时保留任务特定能力。我们分析了传统剪枝在通用领域校准下最小化损失扰动的机制,并通过引入任务特异性特征分布扩展该公式,将任务特定校准数据纳入重要性计算。由此,我们的框架使用通用与任务特定校准数据分别计算重要性分数,根据激活范数差异将参数分为共享与专属组,并融合得分指导剪枝过程。该设计可无缝集成多种基础剪枝技术,实现压缩下的专业化能力保持。在多个常用基准上的实验表明,本方法在相同剪枝率及不同设置下均持续优于基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pruning provides a practical solution to reduce the resources required to run large language models (LLMs) to benefit from their effective capabilities as well as control their cost for training and inference. Research on LLM pruning often ranks the importance of LLM parameters using their magnitudes and calibration-data activations and removes (or masks) the less important ones, accordingly reducing LLMs' size. However, these approaches primarily focus on preserving the LLM's ability to generate fluent sentences, while neglecting performance on specific domains and tasks. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective pruning approach for LLMs that preserves task-specific capabilities while shrinking their parameter space. We first analyze how conventional pruning minimizes loss perturbation under general-domain calibration and extend this formulation by incorporating task-specific feature distributions into the importance computation of existing pruning algorithms. Thus, our framework computes separate importance scores using both general and task-specific calibration data, partitions parameters into shared and exclusive groups based on activation-norm differences, and then fuses their scores to guide the pruning process. This design enables our method to integrate seamlessly with various foundation pruning techniques and preserve the LLM's specialized abilities under compression. Experiments on widely used benchmarks demonstrate that our approach is effective and consistently outperforms the baselines with identical pruning ratios and different settings.

大模型剪枝任务感知模型压缩

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