分析区块链中数字签名如何保障数据完整与不可否认性
Blockchain Signatures to Ensure Information Integrity and Non-Repudiation in the Digital Era: A comprehensive study
- 系统梳理区块链常用签名方案及其安全基础
- 对比不同方案在抗伪造、聚合性、验证成本等方面的性能差异
- 适合关注区块链安全设计与后量子迁移的研究者
区块链系统依赖去中心化账本和强安全保证，其核心要求之一是不可否认性，即防止交易发起方否认自身行为，并确保记录数据的完整性。本文综述了区块链平台中使用的数字签名方案，分析其如何实现不可否认性并提升整体系统安全性。研究涵盖代表性方案族的密码学基础、安全假设及部署相关属性，包括不可伪造性、抗篡改性、支持聚合签名或多签/门限设置、密钥与签名大小、验证开销等。基于这些指标，评估各类设计在共识协议、智能合约约束及资源限制下的适用性，揭示影响吞吐量、存储、可扩展性和攻击面的实际权衡，并总结各方案在区块链场景中的优劣。研究强调，精心选择的数字签名对实现不可否认性与信息完整性至关重要，同时提出实现考量及开放方向，如互操作性与后量子安全性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Blockchain systems rely on decentralized ledgers and strong security guarantees. A key requirement is non-repudiation, which prevents denial of transaction authorship and supports integrity of recorded data. This work surveys digital signature schemes used in blockchain platforms and analyzes how they deliver non-repudiation and contribute to overall system security. We examine representative scheme families and their cryptographic foundations, security assumptions, and properties relevant to deployment, including unforgeability, resistance to malleability, support for aggregation and multisignature or threshold settings, key and signature sizes, and verification cost. Using these criteria, we compare the suitability of different designs for consensus protocols, smart contract constraints, and resource limits. We highlight practical tradeoffs that affect throughput, storage, scalability, and attack surfaces, and summarize benefits and limitations of each scheme in blockchain contexts. The study underscores that carefully chosen digital signatures are central to achieving non-repudiation and preserving information integrity, and it outlines implementation considerations and open directions such as interoperability and post-quantum readiness.
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