发现语音识别中注意力陷阱,提出简单方法缓解模型过热问题。
Mitigating Attention Sinks and Massive Activations in Audio-Visual Speech Recognition with LLMs
- 发现语音识别中存在注意力陷阱和异常激活现象
- 提出去相关损失,降低关键标记间相似度,减少异常激活
- 提升低采样率下的识别准确率,适合多模态语音研究者
大型语言模型(LLMs)在语音识别(ASR)、视觉语音识别(VSR)和音视频语音识别(AVSR)方面取得进展,但其微调过程中的内部机制尚不明确。本文首次在多模态语音识别中研究注意力陷阱与巨大激活现象:不仅出现在起始标记(BOS),还存在于中间语义较低的标记中。我们发现,这些巨大激活源自MLP层,且对应固定特征索引;中间陷阱标记与BOS标记具有高余弦相似度,从而放大注意力与激活。基于此,提出一种简单去相关损失,有效降低BOS与其他标记间的相似度,缓解中间陷阱与异常激活。该方法在高音视频特征降采样下显著提升词错误率(WER),在低降采样率下保持稳定。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced auditory speech recognition (ASR), visual speech recognition (VSR), and audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR). However, understanding of their internal dynamics under fine-tuning remains limited. In natural language processing, recent work has revealed attention sinks, tokens that attract disproportionately high attention, and associated massive activations in which some features of sink tokens exhibit huge activation in LLMs. In this work, we are the first to study these phenomena in multimodal speech recognition. Through a detailed analysis of audio-visual LLMs, we identify attention sinks and massive activations not only at the BOS token but also at intermediate low-semantic tokens across ASR, VSR, and AVSR. We show that massive activations originate in the MLP layers and correspond to fixed feature indices across all sink tokens. We further show that intermediate sink tokens exhibit high cosine similarity to the BOS token, thereby amplifying attention and activation. Building on these insights, we introduce a simple decorrelation loss that reduces cosine similarity between BOS and other tokens, effectively mitigating intermediate sinks and massive activations. Furthermore, our method improves word error rate (WER) under high audio-visual feature downsampling while remaining stable at lower downsampling rates.
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