拆解编剧流程,让大模型分阶段写出专业级剧本。
Beyond Direct Generation: A Decomposed Approach to Well-Crafted Screenwriting with LLMs
- 分两阶段生成:先写故事文本,再转成规范剧本格式。
- 专业编剧盲评胜率75%,接近人类82.7%的水平。
- 自建合成数据解决训练样本少的问题,适合影视创作应用。
剧本是电视制作的基础,决定叙事结构、人物塑造与对白。尽管大语言模型在创意写作中潜力巨大,但直接端到端生成常无法产出高质量剧本。原因在于单一模型需同时掌握创意构建与格式规范,导致输出仅具表面风格而缺乏深层结构。为此,我们提出双阶段精炼(DSR)框架,将创意叙事生成与格式转换分离。第一阶段将简要大纲转化为丰富的小说式文稿;第二阶段将其优化为专业剧本格式。该分离使模型在每阶段专注单一能力。针对大纲-小说配对数据稀缺问题,我们采用混合数据合成:反向合成从现有剧本提取结构化输入,正向合成则基于此生成高质量叙事文本作为训练目标。专业编剧盲评显示,DSR击败强基线(如Gemini-2.5-Pro)达75%胜率,性能达到人类水平的82.7%。结果表明,结合专用数据合成的分解生成架构可有效提升模型在复杂创意领域的表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The screenplay serves as the foundation for television production, defining narrative structure, character development, and dialogue. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show great potential in creative writing, direct end-to-end generation approaches often fail to produce well-crafted screenplays. We argue this failure stems from forcing a single model to simultaneously master two disparate capabilities: creative narrative construction and rigid format adherence. The resulting outputs may mimic superficial style but lack the deep structural integrity and storytelling substance required for professional use. To enable LLMs to generate high-quality screenplays, we introduce Dual-Stage Refinement (DSR), a decomposed framework that decouples creative narrative generation from format conversion. The first stage transforms a brief outline into rich, novel-style prose. The second stage refines this narrative into a professionally formatted screenplay. This separation enables the model to specialize in one distinct capability at each stage. A key challenge in implementing DSR is the scarcity of paired outline-to-novel training data. We address this through hybrid data synthesis: reverse synthesis deconstructs existing screenplays into structured inputs, while forward synthesis leverages these inputs to generate high-quality narrative texts as training targets. Blind evaluations by professional screenwriters show that DSR achieves a 75% win rate against strong baselines like Gemini-2.5-Pro and reaches 82.7% of human-level performance. Our work demonstrates that decomposed generation architecture with tailored data synthesis effectively specializes LLMs in complex creative domains.
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