用基础模型引导技能发现,让机器人学会符合人类偏好的动作。
Guiding Skill Discovery with Foundation Models
- 通过基础模型提取人类意图评分函数,评估状态好坏。
- 重加权奖励后,机器人学会避免翻滚和危险区域。
- 可发现难以定义的复杂行为,适合安全关键场景。
无需手工设计奖励函数即可学习多样化技能,能加速下游强化学习任务。然而,现有技能发现方法仅追求技能多样性,忽略人类偏好,导致出现不理想甚至危险的行为。例如,以往方法训练猎豹机器人时,它为最大化多样性而随意翻滚;我们更希望它平稳奔跑且避开危险区域。本文提出基础模型引导(FoG)技能发现方法,利用基础模型将人类意图融入技能发现过程。具体而言,FoG从基础模型中提取状态评分函数,对符合人类意图的状态赋予高分,对不良状态赋予低分,并以此重加权技能发现算法的奖励。优化重加权奖励后,FoG成功消除翻滚、翻转等不良行为,并在基于状态与像素的任务中避免危险区域。有趣的是,该方法还能发现难以明确定义的行为。交互式可视化见 https://sites.google.com/view/submission-fog。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning diverse skills without hand-crafted reward functions could accelerate reinforcement learning in downstream tasks. However, existing skill discovery methods focus solely on maximizing the diversity of skills without considering human preferences, which leads to undesirable behaviors and possibly dangerous skills. For instance, a cheetah robot trained using previous methods learns to roll in all directions to maximize skill diversity, whereas we would prefer it to run without flipping or entering hazardous areas. In this work, we propose a Foundation model Guided (FoG) skill discovery method, which incorporates human intentions into skill discovery through foundation models. Specifically, FoG extracts a score function from foundation models to evaluate states based on human intentions, assigning higher values to desirable states and lower to undesirable ones. These scores are then used to re-weight the rewards of skill discovery algorithms. By optimizing the re-weighted skill discovery rewards, FoG successfully learns to eliminate undesirable behaviors, such as flipping or rolling, and to avoid hazardous areas in both state-based and pixel-based tasks. Interestingly, we show that FoG can discover skills involving behaviors that are difficult to define. Interactive visualisations are available from https://sites.google.com/view/submission-fog.
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