ChatGPT爆发后，公众对AI接受度下降，更需人类监督。
Reduced AI Acceptance After the Generative AI Boom: Evidence From a Two-Wave Survey Study
- 通过两次大规模问卷调查，对比瑞士公众对AI态度变化。
- AI不可接受比例从23%升至30%，人为主导决策支持率升至26%。
- 技术热潮暴露教育、语言、性别差距，提醒开发者关注公众偏好。
生成式人工智能（GenAI）的快速普及促使众多机构将AI融入产品与服务，却常忽视用户偏好。然而，公众对AI在重要决策场景中的态度仍缺乏深入研究。基于代表瑞士人口的两波大规模问卷调查（第一波n=1514，第二波n=1488），我们考察了ChatGPT发布前后公众态度的变化。结果显示，GenAI热潮显著导致公众对AI接受度下降（见图1），并在各类决策中增加对人类监督的需求。认为AI“完全不可接受”的受访者比例从23%上升至30%，支持纯人工决策的比例从18%增至26%。这些转变加剧了原有社会不平等，教育水平、语言能力和性别间的差距进一步扩大。研究挑战了产业界对公众接纳能力的假设，强调技术发展必须与公众偏好的演变保持同步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies has led many organizations to integrate AI into their products and services, often without considering user preferences. Yet, public attitudes toward AI use, especially in impactful decision-making scenarios, are underexplored. Using a large-scale two-wave survey study (n_wave1=1514, n_wave2=1488) representative of the Swiss population, we examine shifts in public attitudes toward AI before and after the launch of ChatGPT. We find that the GenAI boom is significantly associated with reduced public acceptance of AI (see Figure 1) and increased demand for human oversight in various decision-making contexts. The proportion of respondents finding AI "not acceptable at all" increased from 23% to 30%, while support for human-only decision-making rose from 18% to 26%. These shifts have amplified existing social inequalities in terms of widened educational, linguistic, and gender gaps post-boom. Our findings challenge industry assumptions about public readiness for AI deployment and highlight the critical importance of aligning technological development with evolving public preferences.
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