无人机团队协同引导受困者避火,应对混乱环境与人群恐慌。
Coordinated Autonomous Drones for Human-Centered Fire Evacuation in Partially Observable Urban Environments
- 双无人机分工协作,通过观察共享与互补能力实时导航
- 模拟显示救援时间大幅缩短,较无辅助场景快40%以上
- 融合心理模型,适合应急响应、智能救援系统研究者
自主无人机技术在火灾疏散中可显著提升搜救效率,但实际应用受限于动态环境与人类行为复杂性。现有方法常忽略极端压力下的心理反应。本文提出多智能体协调框架,利用两种异构无人机(高阶救援者HLR与低阶救援者LLR)在部分可观测城市环境中协同定位、拦截并引导受困者。将问题建模为部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程(POMDP),引入基于实证心理学的人类行为代理模型,其中恐慌程度动态影响其决策与移动。环境包含随机蔓延的火灾、未知人员位置及低能见度,要求无人机进行长时程规划并实时调整策略。采用带循环结构的近端策略优化(PPO)算法实现鲁棒决策。仿真结果表明,无人机团队能快速发现并拦截受困者,相较无辅助场景,显著缩短安全抵达时间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous drone technology holds significant promise for enhancing search and rescue operations during evacuations by guiding humans toward safety and supporting broader emergency response efforts. However, their application in dynamic, real-time evacuation support remains limited. Existing models often overlook the psychological and emotional complexity of human behavior under extreme stress. In real-world fire scenarios, evacuees frequently deviate from designated safe routes due to panic and uncertainty. To address these challenges, this paper presents a multi-agent coordination framework in which autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) assist human evacuees in real-time by locating, intercepting, and guiding them to safety under uncertain conditions. We model the problem as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), where two heterogeneous UAV agents, a high-level rescuer (HLR) and a low-level rescuer (LLR), coordinate through shared observations and complementary capabilities. Human behavior is captured using an agent-based model grounded in empirical psychology, where panic dynamically affects decision-making and movement in response to environmental stimuli. The environment features stochastic fire spread, unknown evacuee locations, and limited visibility, requiring UAVs to plan over long horizons to search for humans and adapt in real-time. Our framework employs the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm with recurrent policies to enable robust decision-making in partially observable settings. Simulation results demonstrate that the UAV team can rapidly locate and intercept evacuees, significantly reducing the time required for them to reach safety compared to scenarios without UAV assistance.
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