提升预训练表示的可分类性,反而能增强其可解释性。
Enhancing Pre-trained Representation Classifiability can Boost its Interpretability
- 用信息损失衡量可解释语义比例,提出固有可解释性评分IIS。
- 发现可分类性越高的表示,其可解释语义越多,二者正相关。
- 可通过最大化可解释性微调模型,同时提升性能与可解释性。
预训练视觉模型的表征侧重下游任务的可分类性,但实际应用对可解释性提出新要求。现有研究未明确能否兼顾高可解释性与高可分类性。本文通过表征中可解释语义的比例量化可解释性,提出固有可解释性得分(IIS),评估信息损失并测量可解释语义占比。实验发现:可分类性越高的表示,其可解释语义越多,二者呈正相关。这一发现表明,可通过最大化可解释性进行微调以提升可分类性;同时,在解释基础上获得预测时,准确率下降更少。该结果支持统一提升预训练视觉模型的可解释性与可分类性。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The visual representation of a pre-trained model prioritizes the classifiability on downstream tasks, while the widespread applications for pre-trained visual models have posed new requirements for representation interpretability. However, it remains unclear whether the pre-trained representations can achieve high interpretability and classifiability simultaneously. To answer this question, we quantify the representation interpretability by leveraging its correlation with the ratio of interpretable semantics within the representations. Given the pre-trained representations, only the interpretable semantics can be captured by interpretations, whereas the uninterpretable part leads to information loss. Based on this fact, we propose the Inherent Interpretability Score (IIS) that evaluates the information loss, measures the ratio of interpretable semantics, and quantifies the representation interpretability. In the evaluation of the representation interpretability with different classifiability, we surprisingly discover that the interpretability and classifiability are positively correlated, i.e., representations with higher classifiability provide more interpretable semantics that can be captured in the interpretations. This observation further supports two benefits to the pre-trained representations. First, the classifiability of representations can be further improved by fine-tuning with interpretability maximization. Second, with the classifiability improvement for the representations, we obtain predictions based on their interpretations with less accuracy degradation. The discovered positive correlation and corresponding applications show that practitioners can unify the improvements in interpretability and classifiability for pre-trained vision models. Codes are available at https://github.com/ssfgunner/IIS.
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