构建医疗数据生态,让生成式AI更可靠地服务临床。
Generative AI for Healthcare: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Perspectives
- 以医疗数据全生命周期为核心设计生成式AI系统
- 支持多模态医疗数据整合与高效知识检索
- 适合医疗AI研发者和临床系统部署团队参考
生成式人工智能(GenAI)正深刻影响医疗领域。从临床病历自动生成到融合医学影像、电子病历和基因数据的多模态决策支持系统,GenAI有望减轻医生认知负担,提升诊疗效率。然而其在医疗中的落地需深入理解临床需求与技术边界。本文提出一种以数据为中心的GenAI医疗系统设计范式,将医疗数据生态系统作为生成式医疗系统的底层基础。该系统可持续支持多源医疗数据的集成、表征与检索,通过语义向量搜索和上下文查询等高效数据处理管道,为上游模型训练与下游临床应用提供支持。它不仅为大模型预训练和领域微调提供高质量多模态数据,还作为智能体层的任务推理知识后端,推动生成式AI在高质量、高效率医疗交付中的落地。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is taking the world by storm. It promises transformative opportunities for advancing and disrupting existing practices, including healthcare. From large language models (LLMs) for clinical note synthesis and conversational assistance to multimodal systems that integrate medical imaging, electronic health records, and genomic data for decision support, GenAI is transforming the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare, such as diagnosis and personalized treatments, with great potential in reducing the cognitive burden on clinicians, thereby improving overall healthcare delivery. However, GenAI deployment in healthcare requires an in-depth understanding of healthcare tasks and what can and cannot be achieved. In this paper, we propose a data-centric paradigm in the design and deployment of GenAI systems for healthcare. Specifically, we reposition the data life cycle by making the medical data ecosystem as the foundational substrate for generative healthcare systems. This ecosystem is designed to sustainably support the integration, representation, and retrieval of diverse medical data and knowledge. With effective and efficient data processing pipelines, such as semantic vector search and contextual querying, it enables GenAI-powered operations for upstream model components and downstream clinical applications. Ultimately, it not only supplies foundation models with high-quality, multimodal data for large-scale pretraining and domain-specific fine-tuning, but also serves as a knowledge retrieval backend to support task-specific inference via the agentic layer. The ecosystem enables the deployment of GenAI for high-quality and effective healthcare delivery.
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