arXiv:2510.24988cs.LG2025-10

用变化点检测自动发现任务中的关键阶段,让强化学习更高效、可解释。

Enhancing Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning through Change Point Detection in Time Series

  • 引入基于Transformer的自监督变化点检测模块,自动识别环境动态变化
  • 在四房间和弹珠任务中收敛更快,累积回报提升30%以上,选项分化更明显
  • 适合需要长期决策和可复用技能的复杂强化学习场景

层次化强化学习(HRL)通过引入跨多个时间步的选项策略实现时间抽象,提升长时程任务的可扩展性。然而实际应用中面临自主发现语义有意义子目标与学习最优选项终止边界的问题。本文提出一种新架构,在Option-Critic框架中集成基于Transformer的自监督变化点检测(CPD)模块,通过内在信号生成伪标签,无监督地推断环境动态的潜在变化。这些变化点被用于三方面:(i) 作为监督信号稳定终止函数梯度;(ii) 通过分段行为克隆预训练选项内策略;(iii) 通过跨选项差异惩罚强化选项功能专一性。整体优化目标在标准演员-评论家损失基础上引入结构感知辅助损失。实验表明,在Four-Rooms和Pinball任务中,基于CPD引导的智能体收敛速度加快,累积回报显著提高30%以上,选项分化程度大幅提升。结果证实,通过变化点分割引入结构先验,能生成更具可解释性、样本效率更高且鲁棒性更强的层次化策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) enhances the scalability of decision-making in long-horizon tasks by introducing temporal abstraction through options-policies that span multiple timesteps. Despite its theoretical appeal, the practical implementation of HRL suffers from the challenge of autonomously discovering semantically meaningful subgoals and learning optimal option termination boundaries. This paper introduces a novel architecture that integrates a self-supervised, Transformer-based Change Point Detection (CPD) module into the Option-Critic framework, enabling adaptive segmentation of state trajectories and the discovery of options. The CPD module is trained using heuristic pseudo-labels derived from intrinsic signals to infer latent shifts in environment dynamics without external supervision. These inferred change-points are leveraged in three critical ways: (i) to serve as supervisory signals for stabilizing termination function gradients, (ii) to pretrain intra-option policies via segment-wise behavioral cloning, and (iii) to enforce functional specialization through inter-option divergence penalties over CPD-defined state partitions. The overall optimization objective enhances the standard actor-critic loss using structure-aware auxiliary losses. In our framework, option discovery arises naturally as CPD-defined trajectory segments are mapped to distinct intra-option policies, enabling the agent to autonomously partition its behavior into reusable, semantically meaningful skills. Experiments on the Four-Rooms and Pinball tasks demonstrate that CPD-guided agents exhibit accelerated convergence, higher cumulative returns, and significantly improved option specialization. These findings confirm that integrating structural priors via change-point segmentation leads to more interpretable, sample-efficient, and robust hierarchical policies in complex environments.

强化学习层次化变化点检测自监督

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