用大脑预测机制训练多任务护理机器人,无需人工设计特征。
Scalable predictive processing framework for multitask caregiving robots
- 基于神经科学的预测处理框架,直接处理超3万维感官输入。
- 在模拟中学会搬动和擦毛巾两项任务,且对视觉退化有鲁棒性。
- 可自动调节任务切换,适合复杂多变的真实护理场景。
社会老龄化加剧了对自主护理机器人的需求;然而,现有系统多为特定任务设计,依赖手工预处理,难以跨场景泛化。认知神经科学理论指出,人脑通过分层预测处理实现灵活认知与行为,整合多模态感知信号。受此启发,我们提出一种基于自由能原理的分层多模态循环神经网络,可直接处理超过30,000维的视觉-本体感觉输入,无需降维。该模型在无任务特异性特征工程的情况下,成功学习了两个典型护理任务:刚体重定位和柔性毛巾擦拭。实验验证了三个关键特性:(i) 层次隐状态动力学的自组织,能调控任务切换、捕捉不确定性变化并推断被遮挡状态;(ii) 通过视觉-本体感觉融合实现对视觉退化的鲁棒性;(iii) 多任务学习中的非对称干扰:更易变的擦拭任务对重定位影响小,而重定位学习导致擦拭性能小幅下降,但整体仍保持稳健。尽管评估限于仿真,结果确立了预测处理作为通用可扩展计算原则的潜力,为实现鲁棒、灵活、自主的护理机器人提供路径,并为人类大脑在不确定真实环境中的适应能力提供理论洞察。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid aging of societies is intensifying demand for autonomous care robots; however, most existing systems are task-specific and rely on handcrafted preprocessing, limiting their ability to generalize across diverse scenarios. A prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing, which underlies flexible cognition and behavior by integrating multimodal sensory signals. Inspired by this principle, we introduce a hierarchical multimodal recurrent neural network grounded in predictive processing under the free-energy principle, capable of directly integrating over 30,000-dimensional visuo-proprioceptive inputs without dimensionality reduction. The model was able to learn two representative caregiving tasks, rigid-body repositioning and flexible-towel wiping, without task-specific feature engineering. We demonstrate three key properties: (i) self-organization of hierarchical latent dynamics that regulate task transitions, capture variability in uncertainty, and infer occluded states; (ii) robustness to degraded vision through visuo-proprioceptive integration; and (iii) asymmetric interference in multitask learning, where the more variable wiping task had little influence on repositioning, whereas learning the repositioning task led to a modest reduction in wiping performance, while the model maintained overall robustness. Although the evaluation was limited to simulation, these results establish predictive processing as a universal and scalable computational principle, pointing toward robust, flexible, and autonomous caregiving robots while offering theoretical insight into the human brain's ability to achieve flexible adaptation in uncertain real-world environments.
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