arXiv:2510.25345cs.CV2025-10中稿 · IEEE Transactions …被引 16

用强化学习选最值得标注的骨骼动作样本,提升小样本下的识别精度。

Informative Sample Selection Model for Skeleton-based Action Recognition with Limited Training Samples

  • 将样本选择建模为马尔可夫决策过程,智能挑选最有信息量的未标注数据。
  • 在三个基准数据集上,相比基线方法准确率提升2.1%~3.8%。
  • 适合标注成本高、数据稀缺的动作识别场景,如医疗康复分析。

基于骨骼的人体动作识别旨在将时空化的骨骼序列分类至预定义类别。为降低对昂贵骨骼标注数据的依赖,同时保持高识别准确率,提出了有限训练样本下的3D动作识别任务(即半监督3D动作识别)。现有方法采用编码器-解码器框架将骨骼序列嵌入潜在空间,结合聚类信息与基于间隔的多头选择策略,从无标签数据中挑选最具信息量的样本进行标注。然而,最具有代表性的骨骼序列未必对识别模型最有价值,因模型可能已从先前样本中获取了类似知识。为此,本文提出一种新视角:将半监督3D动作识别中的主动学习问题重构为马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)。基于该框架,训练一个信息样本选择模型以智能引导标注选择。为增强状态-动作对的表征能力,将特征从欧氏空间投影至双曲空间。此外,引入元调优策略以加速实际部署。在三个3D动作识别基准数据集上的大量实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Skeleton-based human action recognition aims to classify human skeletal sequences, which are spatiotemporal representations of actions, into predefined categories. To reduce the reliance on costly annotations of skeletal sequences while maintaining competitive recognition accuracy, the task of 3D Action Recognition with Limited Training Samples, also known as semi-supervised 3D Action Recognition, has been proposed. In addition, active learning, which aims to proactively select the most informative unlabeled samples for annotation, has been explored in semi-supervised 3D Action Recognition for training sample selection. Specifically, researchers adopt an encoder-decoder framework to embed skeleton sequences into a latent space, where clustering information, combined with a margin-based selection strategy using a multi-head mechanism, is utilized to identify the most informative sequences in the unlabeled set for annotation. However, the most representative skeleton sequences may not necessarily be the most informative for the action recognizer, as the model may have already acquired similar knowledge from previously seen skeleton samples. To solve it, we reformulate Semi-supervised 3D action recognition via active learning from a novel perspective by casting it as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Built upon the MDP framework and its training paradigm, we train an informative sample selection model to intelligently guide the selection of skeleton sequences for annotation. To enhance the representational capacity of the factors in the state-action pairs within our method, we project them from Euclidean space to hyperbolic space. Furthermore, we introduce a meta tuning strategy to accelerate the deployment of our method in real-world scenarios. Extensive experiments on three 3D action recognition benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

动作识别主动学习小样本骨骼序列

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