arXiv:2510.25497cs.LG2025-10NeurIPS被引 2

提出原型神经符号模型,让AI推理有正确理由而非依赖巧合。

Right for the Right Reasons: Avoiding Reasoning Shortcuts via Prototypical Neurosymbolic AI

  • 用原型学习机制约束模型,确保推理基于真实概念而非表面关联。
  • 在极低数据量下仍能准确学习正确概念,比基线提升显著。
  • 适合需要可靠推理的高风险场景,如自动驾驶、医疗诊断。

神经符号AI因结合神经感知与符号推理而日益流行,但易陷入推理捷径——即学习无关概念(神经谓词),利用虚假相关性满足符号约束。本文从根源解决此问题,提出原型神经符号架构。该模型通过原型学习,使符号约束的满足源于对输入与少量标注样本的相似性判断,从而在极低数据条件下仍能习得正确基础概念。我们在rsbench基准测试中验证了该方法,在合成任务(MNIST-EvenOdd、Kand-Logic)和真实高风险任务(BDD-OIA)上均取得显著提升。结果表明,原型锚定是实现安全、高效神经符号学习的有效策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neurosymbolic AI is growing in popularity thanks to its ability to combine neural perception and symbolic reasoning in end-to-end trainable models. However, recent findings reveal these are prone to shortcut reasoning, i.e., to learning unindented concepts--or neural predicates--which exploit spurious correlations to satisfy the symbolic constraints. In this paper, we address reasoning shortcuts at their root cause and we introduce Prototypical Neurosymbolic architectures. These models are able to satisfy the symbolic constraints (be right) because they have learnt the correct basic concepts (for the right reasons) and not because of spurious correlations, even in extremely low data regimes. Leveraging the theory of prototypical learning, we demonstrate that we can effectively avoid reasoning shortcuts by training the models to satisfy the background knowledge while taking into account the similarity of the input with respect to the handful of labelled datapoints. We extensively validate our approach on the recently proposed rsbench benchmark suite in a variety of settings and tasks with very scarce supervision: we show significant improvements in learning the right concepts both in synthetic tasks (MNIST-EvenOdd and Kand-Logic) and real-world, high-stake ones (BDD-OIA). Our findings pave the way to prototype grounding as an effective, annotation-efficient strategy for safe and reliable neurosymbolic learning.

神经符号原型学习可靠推理小样本

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