用图像去噪技术加速中性原子量子比特读取,兼顾速度与精度。
Enabling Fast and Accurate Neutral Atom Readout through Image Denoising
- 通过图像翻译实现低光子测量的信号重建
- 读取时间缩短至1.6倍,逻辑错误率降低35倍
- 适合需要高速高精度读取的量子纠错系统
中性原子量子计算机有望扩展至数万甚至更多量子比特,但其进展受限于缓慢的量子比特读取。当前对量子比特阵列的并行测量需毫秒级时间,远超底层量子门操作时间,导致读取成为部署量子误差纠正(QEC)的主要瓶颈。由于每轮QEC依赖测量,长读取时间延长了周期时长,减缓程序执行,并增加量子比特空闲时积累的退相干误差。缩短读取时间虽能加快周期、减少退相干,但会减少收集光子数,使测量更嘈杂且易出错。这一权衡使中性原子系统困于慢但准确或快但不可靠的两难境地。本文提出利用图像去噪解决此矛盾。所提出的GANDALF框架通过显式图像翻译进行去噪,从短时、低光子测量中重建清晰信号,实现在最高1.6倍缩短读取时间下仍保持可靠分类。结合轻量级分类器与流水线读取设计,该方法相较现有基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的铯(Cs)中性原子阵列读取方案,将逻辑错误率降低最多35倍,整体QEC周期时间缩短最多1.77倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neutral atom quantum computers hold promise for scaling up to hundreds of thousands or more qubits, but their progress is constrained by slow qubit readout. Parallel measurement of qubit arrays currently takes milliseconds, much longer than the underlying quantum gate operations-making readout the primary bottleneck in deploying quantum error correction. Because each round of QEC depends on measurement, long readout times increase cycle duration and slow down program execution. Reducing the readout duration speeds up cycles and reduces decoherence errors that accumulate while qubits idle, but it also lowers the number of collected photons, making measurements noisier and more error-prone. This tradeoff leaves neutral atom systems stuck between slow but accurate readout and fast but unreliable readout. We show that image denoising can resolve this tension. Our framework, GANDALF, uses explicit denoising using image translation to reconstruct clear signals from short, low-photon measurements, enabling reliable classification at up to 1.6x shorter readout times. Combined with lightweight classifiers and a pipelined readout design, our approach both reduces logical error rate by up to 35x and overall QEC cycle time up to 1.77x compared to state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN)-based readout for Cesium (Cs) Neutral Atom arrays.
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