arXiv:2510.26020cs.CLcs.AI2025-10被引 4

让大模型更聪明地用工具,自动判断每一步操作的优劣。

PORTool: Importance-Aware Policy Optimization with Rewarded Tree for Multi-Tool-Integrated Reasoning

  • 构建奖励树,比较同一上下文下的不同工具选择
  • 通过最终答案正确性评估每一步重要性,提升决策质量
  • 适合想优化多工具协作智能体的研究者和开发者

多工具集成推理使大模型驱动的工具使用代理能够通过自然语言推理与外部工具调用的交替来解决复杂任务。然而,仅基于结果奖励进行训练存在信用分配模糊问题,难以判断哪一步工具调用导致成功或失败。本文提出PORTool,一种感知重要性的策略优化算法,在仅提供结果级监督的情况下,实现步骤级奖励。PORTool生成共享前缀的奖励回溯树,使同一上下文下的不同工具调用路径可直接比较。它通过正确性主导信号(该步骤后代能否产生正确最终答案)和辅助项(工具调用格式是否合规、执行是否成功)估计每一步的重要性。基于这些步骤级重要性估计,PORTool更新策略,既考虑分支点内的局部对比,也关注整体轨迹质量。实验表明,PORTool在提升最终答案准确率的同时,减少工具调用次数,优于当前最优策略优化基线。消融实验证明所提步骤级重要性估计具有鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-tool-integrated reasoning enables LLM-empowered tool-use agents to solve complex tasks by interleaving natural-language reasoning with calls to external tools. However, training such agents from outcome-only rewards suffers from credit-assignment ambiguity, obscuring which intermediate tool-use decisions drive success or failure. In this paper, we propose PORTool, an importance-aware policy-optimization algorithm that reinforces agents' tool-use competence from outcome-level supervision while assigning reward at the step level. Specifically, PORTool generates a rewarded rollout tree in which trajectories share prefixes before branching, enabling direct comparisons among alternative tool-use decisions within the same context. It then estimates each step's importance by a correctness-dominant signal, i.e., whether descendants of that step can ultimately produce a correct final answer, plus an auxiliary term indicating whether the step's tool calls satisfy formatting constraints and execute successfully. Using these step-wise importance estimates, PORTool updates the policy to generate efficient tool-call steps, guided by both local comparisons within each branching decision and the overall quality of entire trajectories. Experiments show that PORTool improves final-answer accuracy while reducing tool-call steps compared with state-of-the-art policy-optimization baselines, and ablation studies confirm the robustness of the proposed step-wise importance estimates.

工具使用强化学习大模型

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