让机器人在激烈接触中像人一样稳定反应,提升力量交互能力。
Thor: Towards Human-Level Whole-Body Reactions for Intense Contact-Rich Environments
- 通过力反馈自适应调整躯干倾斜,模拟人类反应机制。
- 后拉力达167.7牛(约体重48%),前拉力145.5牛,性能提升超70%。
- 适用于救援、工业等高强度人机互动场景。
人形机器人在服务、工业及救援等场景中具有巨大潜力,需在与环境进行高强度、高接触性交互时保持全身稳定。然而,实现类人、自适应的反应仍是重大挑战。为此,我们提出Thor框架,用于接触密集环境中的人类级全身反应。基于力分析设计力适应性躯干倾斜(FAT2)奖励函数,引导机器人在受力任务中表现出类人行为。为应对人形机器人控制的高维难题,Thor采用分层强化学习架构,将上半身、腰部和下半身解耦,共享全局状态并联合更新参数。我们在Unitree G1上部署Thor,显著优于基线模型:后移时峰值拉力达167.7 N(约G1体重的48%),较最优基线提升68.9%;前移时达145.5 N,提升74.7%。此外,系统可拉动130 N负载的货架,单手打开60 N阻力的消防门,验证了其在力交互能力上的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Humanoids hold great potential for service, industrial, and rescue applications, in which robots must sustain whole-body stability while performing intense, contact-rich interactions with the environment. However, enabling humanoids to generate human-like, adaptive responses under such conditions remains a major challenge. To address this, we propose Thor, a humanoid framework for human-level whole-body reactions in contact-rich environments. Based on the robot's force analysis, we design a force-adaptive torso-tilt (FAT2) reward function to encourage humanoids to exhibit human-like responses during force-interaction tasks. To mitigate the high-dimensional challenges of humanoid control, Thor introduces a reinforcement learning architecture that decouples the upper body, waist, and lower body. Each component shares global observations of the whole body and jointly updates its parameters. Finally, we deploy Thor on the Unitree G1, and it substantially outperforms baselines in force-interaction tasks. Specifically, the robot achieves a peak pulling force of 167.7 N (approximately 48% of the G1's body weight) when moving backward and 145.5 N when moving forward, representing improvements of 68.9% and 74.7%, respectively, compared with the best-performing baseline. Moreover, Thor is capable of pulling a loaded rack (130 N) and opening a fire door with one hand (60 N). These results highlight Thor's effectiveness in enhancing humanoid force-interaction capabilities.
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