GPT-4o在招聘决策中会受群体意见影响，几乎无条件服从多数意见。
Who Has The Final Say? Conformity Dynamics in ChatGPT's Selections
- 让GPT-4o与模拟人员讨论候选人，观察其是否随众改变判断。
- 8人一致反对时，GPT-4o服从率达99.9%，自信心显著下降。
- 即使只有1人反对，仍40.2%概率改变决定，适合关注AI偏见的研究者阅读。
大型语言模型（如ChatGPT）正越来越多地用于高风险决策，但其对社会影响的敏感性尚不明确。我们针对GPT-4o开展了三项预注册的从众实验，场景为招聘决策。基线研究显示，GPT始终偏好同一候选人（Profile C），报告中等专业度（M = 3.01）和高确定性（M = 3.89），极少改变选择。研究1（GPT + 8）中，当8名模拟合作者意见一致反对时，GPT几乎完全从众（99.9%），自信心降低，并显著增加自我报告的信息性和规范性从众（p < .001）。研究2（GPT + 1）中，面对单个合作者分歧，仍有40.2%的决策调整，自信心下降且规范性从众增强。结果显示，GPT并非独立判断者，而是会根据感知到的社会共识进行调整。这提示：将LLM视为中立辅助工具存在风险，应在其暴露于人类观点前先获取其原始判断。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly integrated into high-stakes decision-making, yet little is known about their susceptibility to social influence. We conducted three preregistered conformity experiments with GPT-4o in a hiring context. In a baseline study, GPT consistently favored the same candidate (Profile C), reported moderate expertise (M = 3.01) and high certainty (M = 3.89), and rarely changed its choice. In Study 1 (GPT + 8), GPT faced unanimous opposition from eight simulated partners and almost always conformed (99.9%), reporting lower certainty and significantly elevated self-reported informational and normative conformity (p < .001). In Study 2 (GPT + 1), GPT interacted with a single partner and still conformed in 40.2% of disagreement trials, reporting less certainty and more normative conformity. Across studies, results demonstrate that GPT does not act as an independent observer but adapts to perceived social consensus. These findings highlight risks of treating LLMs as neutral decision aids and underline the need to elicit AI judgments prior to exposing them to human opinions.
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