arXiv:2510.26551cs.ROcs.AI2025-10

让机器人学会用长短不同的工具,精准操作误差小于1厘米。

Adaptive Inverse Kinematics Framework for Learning Variable-Length Tool Manipulation in Robotics

  • 扩展逆运动学求解器,实现变长工具的序列化操作
  • 仿真训练后真实场景误差低于1厘米,平均误差8厘米
  • 适配不同长度工具,适合具身智能与人机协作研究

传统机器人对自身运动学理解有限,仅能执行预设任务,难以高效使用工具。针对工具使用的四大核心环节——达成目标、选工具、定姿态、精操作,本文提出首个自适应逆运动学框架,使机器人能学习使用不同长度工具的连续动作序列。通过在仿真中学习动作轨迹并迁移至真实场景,验证了技能转移的有效性。实验表明,扩展后的逆运动学求解器误差低于1厘米;训练策略在仿真中平均误差为8厘米。值得注意的是,模型在使用两种不同长度工具时表现几乎无差别。本研究为工具使用四大基本层面的突破提供了新路径,助力机器人掌握多样化任务中的复杂工具操作能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional robots possess a limited understanding of their kinematics and are confined to preprogrammed tasks, hindering their ability to leverage tools efficiently. Driven by the essential components of tool usage - grasping the desired outcome, selecting the most suitable tool, determining optimal tool orientation, and executing precise manipulations - we introduce a pioneering framework. Our novel approach expands the capabilities of the robot's inverse kinematics solver, empowering it to acquire a sequential repertoire of actions using tools of varying lengths. By integrating a simulation-learned action trajectory with the tool, we showcase the practicality of transferring acquired skills from simulation to real-world scenarios through comprehensive experimentation. Remarkably, our extended inverse kinematics solver demonstrates an impressive error rate of less than 1 cm. Furthermore, our trained policy achieves a mean error of 8 cm in simulation. Noteworthy, our model achieves virtually indistinguishable performance when employing two distinct tools of different lengths. This research provides an indication of potential advances in the exploration of all four fundamental aspects of tool usage, enabling robots to master the intricate art of tool manipulation across diverse tasks.

机器人逆运动学工具操作仿真到现实

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