arXiv:2510.26745cs.LGcs.AI2025-10被引 12

深度序列模型会以几何方式记忆事实,而非简单关联。

Deep sequence models tend to memorize geometrically; it is unclear why

  • 模型通过全局关系嵌入存储从未共现的实体间联系。
  • 将复杂推理任务转化为一步导航,提升学习效率。
  • 适合关注知识表示、记忆机制与Transformer优化的研究者。

深度序列模型通常被认为以关联记忆形式存储原子事实:即对共现实体的暴力查找。本文发现一种截然不同的存储方式,称为几何记忆。在此模式中,模型合成的嵌入编码了所有实体间的新型全局关系,包括训练中未共现的组合。这种存储能力强大:例如,可将涉及ℓ重复合的困难推理任务转化为易于学习的单步导航任务。由此现象,我们提炼出神经嵌入几何的若干根本特性,难以用常规监督、架构或优化压力解释。令人意外的是,即使几何结构比暴力查找更复杂,模型仍会学习它。通过与Node2Vec的关联分析,我们揭示该几何源于谱偏差,即便缺乏多种常见压力,也能自然产生。该分析还为实践者指明提升Transformer记忆几何性潜力。我们希望这一几何视角能促使重新审视知识获取、容量、发现与遗忘等领域的默认直觉。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep sequence models are said to store atomic facts predominantly in the form of associative memory: a brute-force lookup of co-occurring entities. We identify a dramatically different form of storage of atomic facts that we term as geometric memory. Here, the model has synthesized embeddings encoding novel global relationships between all entities, including ones that do not co-occur in training. Such storage is powerful: for instance, we show how it transforms a hard reasoning task involving an $\ell$-fold composition into an easy-to-learn $1$-step navigation task. From this phenomenon, we extract fundamental aspects of neural embedding geometries that are hard to explain. We argue that the rise of such a geometry, as against a lookup of local associations, cannot be straightforwardly attributed to typical supervisory, architectural, or optimizational pressures. Counterintuitively, a geometry is learned even when it is more complex than the brute-force lookup. Then, by analyzing a connection to Node2Vec, we demonstrate how the geometry stems from a spectral bias that -- in contrast to prevailing theories -- indeed arises naturally despite the lack of various pressures. This analysis also points out to practitioners a visible headroom to make Transformer memory more strongly geometric. We hope the geometric view of parametric memory encourages revisiting the default intuitions that guide researchers in areas like knowledge acquisition, capacity, discovery, and unlearning.

序列建模几何记忆嵌入空间Transformer

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