用少量人工标注数据验证大模型评判可靠性,避免评估闭环。
Vintage Code, Modern Judges: Meta-Validation in Low Data Regimes
- 提出新框架SparseAlign,结合排序一致性和分数接近性评估
- 仅需少量标注数据即可可靠筛选最优评判模型
- 适用于专家稀缺的老旧代码现代化场景
在COBOL、PL/I等遗留语言的应用现代化中,既缺乏专家资源,也缺少高质量的人工评估数据。尽管大语言模型作为评判者(LaaJ)可提供可扩展的替代方案,但其可靠性需验证方可用于高风险流程。若无严谨验证,可能陷入循环评估陷阱——未经验证的LaaJ被用来评估模型输出,导致错误判断被持续强化,影响后续部署决策。虽然已有多种自动化验证方法,但与人类判断对齐仍是广泛使用且理论基础扎实的策略。然而,在多数现实场景中,人工标注数据严重不足,难以评估LaaJ与人类判断的一致性。本文提出SparseAlign,一种针对稀疏人工标注数据的正式评估框架。该框架融合新颖的成对置信度概念与敏感得分对齐指标,共同捕捉排名一致性与分数接近性,即使传统统计方法因样本过少而失效,仍能实现可靠的评判者选择。SparseAlign已内部应用于COBOL代码解释任务,优选出对齐度最高的评判模型并集成至评估流程,指导模型发布决策。通过四个LaaJ的案例研究,展示了SparseAlign在真实评估场景中的实用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Application modernization in legacy languages such as COBOL, PL/I, and REXX faces an acute shortage of resources, both in expert availability and in high-quality human evaluation data. While Large Language Models as a Judge (LaaJ) offer a scalable alternative to expert review, their reliability must be validated before being trusted in high-stakes workflows. Without principled validation, organizations risk a circular evaluation loop, where unverified LaaJs are used to assess model outputs, potentially reinforcing unreliable judgments and compromising downstream deployment decisions. Although various automated approaches to validating LaaJs have been proposed, alignment with human judgment remains a widely used and conceptually grounded validation strategy. In many real-world domains, the availability of human-labeled evaluation data is severely limited, making it difficult to assess how well a LaaJ aligns with human judgment. We introduce SparseAlign, a formal framework for assessing LaaJ alignment with sparse human-labeled data. SparseAlign combines a novel pairwise-confidence concept with a score-sensitive alignment metric that jointly capture ranking consistency and score proximity, enabling reliable evaluator selection even when traditional statistical methods are ineffective due to limited annotated examples. SparseAlign was applied internally to select LaaJs for COBOL code explanation. The top-aligned evaluators were integrated into assessment workflows, guiding model release decisions. We present a case study of four LaaJs to demonstrate SparseAlign's utility in real-world evaluation scenarios.
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