通过谱一致性优化,动态生成更小但信息保留的图结构。
Spectral Neural Graph Sparsification
- 联合优化图结构与节点特征,实现自适应演化
- 在保持谱特性前提下,大幅降低计算开销
- 适合需要高效图学习的科研与工业场景
图在社交网络、分子化学和神经科学等复杂系统建模中至关重要。尽管图神经网络(尤其是图卷积网络)已成为图学习的标准工具,但仍受限于固定结构和过平滑问题。本文提出谱保真网络(Spectral Preservation Network),一种生成简化图的新框架,作为原图的忠实代理,可在更低计算成本下完成社区检测、影响力传播和信息扩散等下游任务。该框架引入两个关键组件:联合图演化层与谱一致损失。前者联合变换图拓扑与节点特征矩阵,使结构与属性在各层自适应演化,克服静态邻域聚合的僵化性;后者通过强制图谱特性与节点特征向量的一致性来正则化变换过程。我们在节点级稀疏化任务上评估了该方法的有效性,采用成熟指标并对比了当前最优方法。实验结果表明,本方法性能优越,优势明显。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graphs are central to modeling complex systems in domains such as social networks, molecular chemistry, and neuroscience. While Graph Neural Networks, particularly Graph Convolutional Networks, have become standard tools for graph learning, they remain constrained by reliance on fixed structures and susceptibility to over-smoothing. We propose the Spectral Preservation Network, a new framework for graph representation learning that generates reduced graphs serving as faithful proxies of the original, enabling downstream tasks such as community detection, influence propagation, and information diffusion at a reduced computational cost. The Spectral Preservation Network introduces two key components: the Joint Graph Evolution layer and the Spectral Concordance loss. The former jointly transforms both the graph topology and the node feature matrix, allowing the structure and attributes to evolve adaptively across layers and overcoming the rigidity of static neighborhood aggregation. The latter regularizes these transformations by enforcing consistency in both the spectral properties of the graph and the feature vectors of the nodes. We evaluate the effectiveness of Spectral Preservation Network on node-level sparsification by analyzing well-established metrics and benchmarking against state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance and clear advantages of our approach.
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