arXiv:2511.00027cs.CYcs.AI2025-11中稿 · oral and poster pr…

好创新不该牺牲人权,监管反而是创新的基石。

Position Paper: If Innovation in AI Systematically Violates Fundamental Rights, Is It Innovation at All?

  • 以欧盟AI法案为范本,用风险分级与责任机制引导技术发展
  • 通过监管沙盒等工具实现早期干预,避免系统性危害
  • 适合政策制定者与科技企业,构建可信AI的底层框架

人工智能已深度嵌入关键基础设施与决策系统,其失效将带来社会、经济与民主层面的损害。本文挑战了‘监管阻碍创新’的固有观念,援引航空、制药及福利体系的类比,以及近期合成虚假信息、偏见与不可问责决策的案例,指出缺乏良好设计的监管已造成难以估量的破坏。当监管具备前瞻性与适应性时,并非创新的枷锁,而是其根基。本文以欧盟AI法案为例,展示其基于风险、责任驱动的治理模式如何应对科尔林奇困境:在损害发生前及时干预,又足够灵活以支持创新。其自适应机制——监管沙盒、中小企业支持、真实世界测试、基本权利影响评估(FRIA)——证明监管可加速负责任的技术进步。治理工具将原本被视为负担的合规要求转化为法律确定性、消费者信任与伦理竞争力等实际优势。最终,本文重构了进步的定义:创新与监管应协同演进。通过在设计与部署中嵌入透明度、影响评估、问责制与AI素养,欧盟框架真正定义了负责任创新的内涵——技术雄心须受民主价值与基本权利的约束。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Artificial intelligence (AI) now permeates critical infrastructures and decision-making systems where failures produce social, economic, and democratic harm. This position paper challenges the entrenched belief that regulation and innovation are opposites. As evidenced by analogies from aviation, pharmaceuticals, and welfare systems and recent cases of synthetic misinformation, bias and unaccountable decision-making, the absence of well-designed regulation has already created immeasurable damage. Regulation, when thoughtful and adaptive, is not a brake on innovation -- it is its foundation. The present position paper examines the EU AI Act as a model of risk-based, responsibility-driven regulation that addresses the Collingridge Dilemma: acting early enough to prevent harm, yet flexibly enough to sustain innovation. Its adaptive mechanisms -- regulatory sandboxes, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) support, real-world testing, fundamental rights impact assessment (FRIA) -- demonstrate how regulation can accelerate responsibly, rather than delay, technological progress. The position paper summarises how governance tools transform perceived burdens into tangible advantages: legal certainty, consumer trust, and ethical competitiveness. Ultimately, the paper reframes progress: innovation and regulation advance together. By embedding transparency, impact assessments, accountability, and AI literacy into design and deployment, the EU framework defines what responsible innovation truly means -- technological ambition disciplined by democratic values and fundamental rights.

AI治理欧盟AI法案负责任创新

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