让多个大模型协作推理,自动找到最优组合方式。
Generalizing Test-time Compute-optimal Scaling as an Optimizable Graph
- 把多模型协作建模为可优化的图结构,动态调整角色和连接方式。
- 在固定计算预算下,比现有方法更高效地提升准确率并降低延迟。
- 适合需要高效推理的复杂任务,如智能客服、自动写作等场景。
测试时扩展(TTS)通过在推理阶段增加计算来提升大语言模型性能,通常采用并行、串行或混合方式。然而,以往研究多假设固定协作架构且仅使用单模型,忽略了不同任务下最优架构与模型组合可能不同。为此,本文研究在固定计算预算下搜索计算最优的多模型组合与架构这一新问题。我们将该问题形式化为一个多模型协作图,其中节点表示角色与模型分配,边表示信息流动。该问题挑战在于:(i) 组合搜索空间过大,(ii) 任务需求各异需定制设计。为此,我们将其重构为概率图优化问题,并通过预实验得出三条关于TTS协作图的实证洞察。基于这些洞察,提出Agent-REINFORCE框架,利用大模型代理模拟REINFORCE算法的采样-反馈-更新流程,以文本形式作为梯度更新概率图,高效搜索最优多模型协作图。实验表明,Agent-REINFORCE在样本效率与搜索性能上均优于传统及基于大模型的基线方法,能有效平衡准确率与推理延迟。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation during inference, typically through parallel, sequential, or hybrid scaling. However, prior studies often assume fixed collaboration architectures (e.g., topologies) and single-model usage, overlooking that optimal architectures and model combinations can vary across tasks. Therefore, we study the novel problem of searching for compute-optimal model combinations and architectures in TTS under a fixed budget. We formalize it as a multi-LLM collaboration graph, where nodes encode roles and LLM model assignments, and edges capture information flow. This problem is challenging because (i) the combinatorial search space is prohibitively large, and (ii) task-specific requirements demand tailored designs. To address these, we reformulate the problem as probabilistic graph optimization and, through pilot experiments, derive three empirical insights into TTS collaboration graphs. Guided by these insights, we propose Agent-REINFORCE, an LLM-agent-augmented framework that mirrors the REINFORCE pipeline by mapping sampling-gradient-update to sampling-feedback-update, where feedback serves as a textual gradient to update the probabilistic graph and efficiently search for optimal multi-LLM collaboration graphs. Experiments show that Agent-REINFORCE outperforms both traditional and LLM-based baselines in sample efficiency and search performance, and effectively identifies optimal graphs under joint objectives of accuracy and inference latency.
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