超低功耗远距离声学泄漏检测，可隐蔽工作且无需云端处理。
Ultralow-power standoff acoustic leak detection
- 基于玻璃破碎与烟雾探测原理，识别高压管道漏水声信号。
- 0.15升/分钟水流在10米外稳定检测，可穿透墙板等障碍物。
- 功耗仅20–200微瓦，适合电池供电的远程无线传感器节点。
本文设计、构建并测试了一种自动化远距离声学泄漏检测方案。该方案融合玻璃破碎与烟雾探测原理，用于识别来自加压管道的泄漏。实测显示，0.15升/分钟的模拟水流在超过10米的远距离下被可靠检测，且能有效识别墙、门、地板、天花板等遮挡物后的泄漏源。系统预期应用于自主运行、电池供电、远程无线的传感器节点。所有信号处理与分析均在边缘完成，无需将音频数据上传至云端。仅需数个字节信息即可按需传输传感器状态，带宽极低。功耗范围为20–200微瓦，取决于环境噪声水平和所需延迟。为实现最优灵敏度与可靠性，硬件工作频率远高于人类对话频段，杜绝窃听可能。当前开发针对加压管道漏水，但该传感概念亦适用于气体泄漏检测。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
An automated, standoff acoustic leak detection scheme has been designed, built, and tested. It merges the principles of glass breakage and smoke detection to alert for the presence of leaks emanating from pressurized plumbing. A simulated water leak flowing at 0.15 l/min has been reliably detected at a standoff distance of more than 10 m. The device is also effective at identifying the presence of leaks located behind surfaces such as walls, doors, floors, and ceilings. The anticipated application is as an autonomous, battery-powered, remote wireless node. All signal processing and analysis takes place on the edge with no need to stream audio data to the cloud. Sensor status is conveyed on-demand with only a few bytes of information, requiring minimal bandwidth. Power consumption is the range of 20--200 micro-Watts, depending on the amount of environmental noise and desired sensor latency. To attain optimum sensitivity and reliability, the hardware operates at acoustic frequencies well above the range of human conversations, making eavesdropping impossible. Development has been done with water escaping from pressurized plumbing, but the sensor concept can be used effectively to detect gas leaks.
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