arXiv:2511.00423cs.LGcs.AI2025-11NeurIPS被引 6

用世界模型与行为对齐,让离线强化学习更稳定高效。

Bootstrap Off-policy with World Model

  • 通过自举循环,让规划器与策略相互优化,提升行为一致性。
  • 在高维控制任务上达到当前最佳训练稳定性与最终性能。
  • 适合关注离线强化学习、规划与世界模型融合的研究者。

在线规划在强化学习中被证明能提升样本效率和最终表现,但其与环境交互会导致收集数据与策略实际行为出现偏差,进而损害模型学习与策略改进。为此,我们提出 BOOM(Bootstrap Off-policy with World Model)框架,通过自举循环将规划与离线学习紧密结合:策略初始化规划器,规划器生成优化动作以对齐策略行为。该循环依赖联合学习的世界模型,使规划器可模拟未来轨迹,并提供价值目标以促进策略改进。核心是无似然对齐损失,利用规划器的非参数动作分布自举策略;同时采用软值加权机制,优先高回报行为,缓解规划器动作质量差异带来的影响。在高维 DeepMind Control Suite 与 Humanoid-Bench 任务上的实验表明,BOOM 在训练稳定性和最终性能上均达到当前最优水平。代码已开源:https://github.com/molumitu/BOOM_MBRL。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Online planning has proven effective in reinforcement learning (RL) for improving sample efficiency and final performance. However, using planning for environment interaction inevitably introduces a divergence between the collected data and the policy's actual behaviors, degrading both model learning and policy improvement. To address this, we propose BOOM (Bootstrap Off-policy with WOrld Model), a framework that tightly integrates planning and off-policy learning through a bootstrap loop: the policy initializes the planner, and the planner refines actions to bootstrap the policy through behavior alignment. This loop is supported by a jointly learned world model, which enables the planner to simulate future trajectories and provides value targets to facilitate policy improvement. The core of BOOM is a likelihood-free alignment loss that bootstraps the policy using the planner's non-parametric action distribution, combined with a soft value-weighted mechanism that prioritizes high-return behaviors and mitigates variability in the planner's action quality within the replay buffer. Experiments on the high-dimensional DeepMind Control Suite and Humanoid-Bench show that BOOM achieves state-of-the-art results in both training stability and final performance. The code is accessible at https://github.com/molumitu/BOOM_MBRL.

强化学习世界模型离线学习规划

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