用分割技术在测试时消除视觉语言模型的偏见,无需训练或标注。
SegDebias: Test-Time Bias Mitigation for ViT-Based CLIP via Segmentation
- 通过预训练分割模型定位目标特征,隔离无关区域
- 使非目标区域嵌入与所有类别文本提示均匀相似,降低偏差
- 无需训练数据和偏见标注,适合真实场景使用
视觉语言模型如CLIP在零样本分类中表现优异,但仍易受虚假相关性影响,即无关视觉特征干扰预测。现有去偏方法通常需访问训练数据和显式群体标签以微调或调整嵌入,限制了实际应用。测试时方法虽避免此约束,但多数仍依赖特定数据集的先验偏见知识,难以在开放集设置中泛化。本文提出一种针对基于ViT的CLIP模型的测试时去偏方法,无需额外训练或偏见标注。该方法利用预训练分割模型分离目标视觉属性,再调整非目标区域,使其嵌入与所有类别文本提示保持均匀相似。该过程在保留目标属性的同时,消除混杂视觉区域带来的意外偏见信号。在Waterbirds和CelebA数据集上的实验表明,本方法在组鲁棒性指标和Attention IoU上均优于现有测试时去偏方法,证明了分割引导干预在可扩展、无标注偏见缓解中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision language models such as CLIP have shown remarkable performance in zero shot classification, but remain susceptible to spurious correlations, where irrelevant visual features influence predictions. Existing debiasing methods often require access to training data and explicit group labels to perform fine-tuning or adjust embeddings, which limits their practicality in real-world settings. Test-time methods attempt to avoid this constraint, but many still depend on prior knowledge of dataset specific biases, limiting their generalizability in open set settings. In this work, we propose a test-time debiasing method for ViT based CLIP models that requires no additional training or assumptions of bias annotations. Our approach uses a pretrained segmentation model to isolate the target visual attribute, then adjusts the non target regions so that their embeddings are uniformly similar to all class specific text prompts. This procedure removes unintended bias signals from confounding visual regions while preserving the target attribute. Experiments on Waterbirds and CelebA show that our method outperforms existing test-time debiasing approaches in both group robustness metrics and Attention IoU. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of segmentation guided interventions for scalable and annotation free bias mitigation in vision language models.
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