arXiv:2511.00783cs.ROcs.SY2025-11

用大模型理解水下环境,让多机器人高效协作探索。

When Semantics Connect the Swarm: LLM-Driven Fuzzy Control for Cooperative Multi-Robot Underwater Coverage

  • 大模型将传感器数据转为语义符号,指导机器人决策
  • 在无定位、无地图条件下实现目标导向的协同覆盖
  • 适合水下探测、搜救等复杂环境中的多机系统

由于感知不完全、通信受限、环境不确定以及缺乏全局定位,水下多机器人协同覆盖仍具挑战。本文提出一种语义引导的模糊控制框架,将大语言模型(LLM)与可解释控制及轻量级协调相结合。原始多模态观测经由LLM压缩为紧凑的人类可读语义标记,总结障碍物、未探索区域和兴趣目标(OOIs)等关键信息。基于预设隶属度函数的模糊推理系统将这些标记映射为平滑稳定的航向与步态指令,实现无需全局定位的可靠导航。进一步通过语义通信共享意图与局部上下文,以自然语言形式协调多机器人任务分配,避免重复探索。在未知珊瑚礁状环境的大量仿真中,该框架在感知与通信受限条件下,实现了面向兴趣目标的鲁棒导航与高效协同覆盖,显著提升了适应性与效率,缩小了语义认知与分布式水下控制之间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Underwater multi-robot cooperative coverage remains challenging due to partial observability, limited communication, environmental uncertainty, and the lack of access to global localization. To address these issues, this paper presents a semantics-guided fuzzy control framework that couples Large Language Models (LLMs) with interpretable control and lightweight coordination. Raw multimodal observations are compressed by the LLM into compact, human-interpretable semantic tokens that summarize obstacles, unexplored regions, and Objects Of Interest (OOIs) under uncertain perception. A fuzzy inference system with pre-defined membership functions then maps these tokens into smooth and stable steering and gait commands, enabling reliable navigation without relying on global positioning. Then, we further coordinate multiple robots by introducing semantic communication that shares intent and local context in linguistic form, enabling agreement on who explores where while avoiding redundant revisits. Extensive simulations in unknown reef-like environments show that, under limited sensing and communication, the proposed framework achieves robust OOI-oriented navigation and cooperative coverage with improved efficiency and adaptability, narrowing the gap between semantic cognition and distributed underwater control in GPS-denied, map-free conditions.

多机器人语义控制水下探索大模型

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