用AI自动优化离线评估代码,提升实验可靠性与效果。
GrowthHacker: Automated Off-Policy Evaluation Optimization Using Code-Modifying LLM Agents
- 让大模型自动修改代码、运行评估并迭代优化,实现闭环改进。
- 双代理框架成功率高达98.1%-100%,正向改善率达78%。
- 适合需要快速验证新策略的医疗、推荐系统等高风险领域。
随着数据驱动开发的普及,线上A/B测试已成为衡量新技术效果的成熟方法。然而,部署线上实验需耗费大量资源,可能对用户造成负面影响(如不安全或不道德结果),且需数周数据收集。为此,离线评估(OPE)利用历史日志数据在无需上线的情况下评估新策略,是强化学习中的基础问题,在医疗、推荐系统、教育和机器人等领域尤为重要。尽管代码生成大模型和智能体工作流已有进展,但其在自动化优化OPE实现方面的潜力尚不明确。本文提出GrowthHacker基准,评估基线大模型与基于大模型的智能体在大规模公开数据集上的表现。GrowthHacker能自主迭代修改代码、运行OPE,并以指标引导后续优化。在Open Bandit Pipeline(OBP)和Scope-RL上评估,所提出的两代理框架克服了现有框架局限,降低复杂度。在两个库中,该框架均达最高可靠性(98.1%-100%成功率)与78%正向结果率,正向结果中位提升4.4%;CrewAI实现最高平均提升(37.9%),且唯一无极端值失败案例;AutoGen与Default均为65%正向结果率。这些结果证明,基于大模型的智能体可作为自动化的‘增长黑客’,持续优化OPE系统,推动高成本或高风险场景下的数据驱动决策规模化。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With data-driven development now widely adopted, online A/B testing is an established method for measuring the effects of new technologies. However, deploying online experiments demands resources for design, implementation, and deployment, and may negatively impact users (e.g., unsafe or unethical outcomes) while requiring weeks of data collection. To address this, the growing research area of off-policy evaluation (OPE), or offline A/B testing, assesses new technologies offline using previously collected logged data. OPE is also a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning and is important where online testing is expensive or risky, such as healthcare, recommender systems, education, and robotics. Despite advances in code-generation large language models (LLMs) and agentic workflows, little is known about whether and how LLMs and LLM-based agents can automatically optimize OPE implementations. We propose GrowthHacker, a benchmark that evaluates baseline LLMs and LLM-based agents on large-scale public datasets. GrowthHacker autonomously and iteratively modifies code, runs OPE, and uses the metrics to guide subsequent optimization. We evaluate methods on Open Bandit Pipeline (OBP) and Scope-RL, and develop a two_agent framework that addresses limitations of existing frameworks while reducing complexity. Across both libraries, two_agent shows the highest reliability (98.1%-100% success rate) and positive-outcome rate (78%), with a median improvement of 4.4% among positive outcomes; CrewAI achieves the highest average improvement (37.9%) and is the only framework with zero extreme-value failures. AutoGen and Default each reach 65% positive-outcome rates. These results establish the feasibility of using LLM-based agents as automated "growth hackers" to continuously improve OPE systems, with implications for scaling data-driven decision-making where manual optimization is expensive.
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