arXiv:2511.01305cs.CLcs.AI2025-11ACL

让AI读懂5G标准的跨版本引用与演进逻辑,精准回答专家级问题。

DeepSpecs: Expert-Level Questions Answering in 5G

  • 构建三库:条款对齐文本、版本差分、标准化会议文档,支持结构与时间推理。
  • 在573个真实问题上准确率超基线模型,进化类问题解答显著提升。
  • 适合通信工程师、标准制定者及研究5G系统演进的学者使用。

5G技术为数十亿用户提供移动互联网接入。回答关于5G规范的专家级问题需处理数千页跨引用的标准文档,且这些文档随版本持续演进。现有检索增强生成(RAG)框架,包括电信领域专用方法,依赖语义相似性,难以可靠解析跨引用或理解规范演进。我们提出DeepSpecs,一种通过三个元数据丰富的数据库增强的RAG系统:SpecDB(条款对齐的规范文本)、ChangeDB(行级版本差异)、TDocDB(标准化会议文件)。DeepSpecs通过元数据查找递归检索被引用条款,明确解析跨引用;并挖掘变更内容,将其与记录设计理由的变更请求(Change Requests)关联,追踪规范演进。我们构建了两个5G问答数据集:来自实践论坛与教育资料的573个专家标注的真实问题,以及基于已批准变更请求生成的350个演进相关问题。在多个大语言模型后端上,DeepSpecs均优于基线模型与当前最优电信RAG系统;消融实验表明,显式跨引用解析与演进感知检索显著提升答案质量,凸显建模5G标准结构与时间特性的价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

5G technology enables mobile Internet access for billions of users. Answering expert-level questions about 5G specifications requires navigating thousands of pages of cross-referenced standards that evolve across releases. Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks, including telecom-specific approaches, rely on semantic similarity and cannot reliably resolve cross-references or reason about specification evolution. We present DeepSpecs, a RAG system enhanced by structural and temporal reasoning via three metadata-rich databases: SpecDB (clause-aligned specification text), ChangeDB (line-level version diffs), and TDocDB (standardization meeting documents). DeepSpecs explicitly resolves cross-references by recursively retrieving referenced clauses through metadata lookup, and traces specification evolution by mining changes and linking them to Change Requests that document design rationale. We curate two 5G QA datasets: 573 expert-annotated real-world questions from practitioner forums and educational resources, and 350 evolution-focused questions derived from approved Change Requests. Across multiple LLM backends, DeepSpecs outperforms base models and state-of-the-art telecom RAG systems; ablations confirm that explicit cross-reference resolution and evolution-aware retrieval substantially improve answer quality, underscoring the value of modeling the structural and temporal properties of 5G standards.

5GRAG知识图谱标准演进

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