多智能体系统提升医疗分诊效率,精准匹配科室与患者症状。
From Passive to Proactive: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent Framework for Automated Medical Pre-Consultation
- 三类智能体协作,通过引导机制将模糊症状转为科室推荐。
- 主科室分类准确率89.6%,次级科室74.3%,四轮交互后达成。
- 适配不同医院结构,适合临床分诊系统研发与部署。
疫情后医疗需求激增与护理人力短缺使分诊系统面临前所未有的压力,亟需创新的AI解决方案。本文提出一种多智能体交互式分诊系统,解决现有AI分诊存在的三大问题:医学专业性不足导致误判、医疗机构部门结构异质性、细节追问效率低下影响快速决策。系统采用三类专用智能体——接收者、询问者和科室代理,通过问询引导与分类引导机制协作,将非结构化患者症状转化为准确的科室推荐。为确保评估可靠性,我们基于“爱爱医网络”构建了涵盖3,360个真实案例的中文分诊数据集,覆盖9个一级科室与62个二级科室。实验表明,该多智能体系统在四轮患者交互后,主科室分类准确率达89.6%,次级科室达74.3%。其动态匹配引导机制可高效适应不同医院配置,同时保持高分诊准确性。本研究成功实现一个既适应机构异质性又保障临床合理决策的多智能体分诊系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The post-pandemic surge in healthcare demand, coupled with critical nursing shortages, has placed unprecedented pressure on medical triage systems, necessitating innovative AI-driven solutions. We present a multi-agent interactive intelligent system for medical triage that addresses three fundamental challenges in current AI-based triage systems: inadequate medical specialization leading to misclassification, heterogeneous department structures across healthcare institutions, and inefficient detail-oriented questioning that impedes rapid triage decisions. Our system employs three specialized agents--RecipientAgent, InquirerAgent, and DepartmentAgent--that collaborate through Inquiry Guidance mechanism and Classification Guidance Mechanism to transform unstructured patient symptoms into accurate department recommendations. To ensure robust evaluation, we constructed a comprehensive Chinese medical triage dataset from "Ai Ai Yi Medical Network", comprising 3,360 real-world cases spanning 9 primary departments and 62 secondary departments. Experimental results demonstrate that our multi-agent system achieves 89.6% accuracy in primary department classification and 74.3% accuracy in secondary department classification after four rounds of patient interaction. The system's dynamic matching based guidance mechanisms enable efficient adaptation to diverse hospital configurations while maintaining high triage accuracy. We successfully developed this multi-agent triage system that not only adapts to organizational heterogeneity across healthcare institutions but also ensures clinically sound decision-making.
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