arXiv:2511.01770cs.RO2025-11被引 2

用30次演示让软体机器人实现高成功率抓取,无需复杂传感与控制。

Lightweight Learning from Actuation-Space Demonstrations via Flow Matching for Whole-Body Soft Robotic Grasping

  • 直接从确定性演示中学习,用流匹配模型推断控制分布。
  • 仅30次演示即达97.5%抓取成功率,支持±33%物体尺寸变化。
  • 适合追求轻量化控制的软体机器人研究者,尤其关注无感测抓取场景。

由于接触不确定性与强交互特性,不确定环境下的机器人抓取仍是核心挑战。传统刚性机械手因自由度与柔顺性有限,依赖复杂的模型驱动和重型反馈控制器。而软体机器人凭借其欠驱动结构与全身被动柔性,天然具备适应不确定接触的能力。为此,本文提出一种轻量级的执行空间学习框架,通过流匹配模型(修正流)直接从确定性演示中推断全身软体机器人抓取的分布控制表示,无需密集传感或重型控制回路。仅需30次演示(不足可达工作空间的8%),所学策略在全工作空间内实现97.5%的抓取成功率,可泛化至±33%的被抓物体尺寸变化,并在执行时间缩放20%至200%时保持稳定性能。结果表明,通过利用被动冗余自由度与柔性,执行空间学习将机器人本体力学转化为功能性控制智能,显著降低中央控制器对这类高不确定性任务的负担。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotic grasping under uncertainty remains a fundamental challenge due to its uncertain and contact-rich nature. Traditional rigid robotic hands, with limited degrees of freedom and compliance, rely on complex model-based and heavy feedback controllers to manage such interactions. Soft robots, by contrast, exhibit embodied mechanical intelligence: their underactuated structures and passive flexibility of their whole body, naturally accommodate uncertain contacts and enable adaptive behaviors. To harness this capability, we propose a lightweight actuation-space learning framework that infers distributional control representations for whole-body soft robotic grasping, directly from deterministic demonstrations using a flow matching model (Rectified Flow),without requiring dense sensing or heavy control loops. Using only 30 demonstrations (less than 8% of the reachable workspace), the learned policy achieves a 97.5% grasp success rate across the whole workspace, generalizes to grasped-object size variations of +-33%, and maintains stable performance when the robot's dynamic response is directly adjusted by scaling the execution time from 20% to 200%. These results demonstrate that actuation-space learning, by leveraging its passive redundant DOFs and flexibility, converts the body's mechanics into functional control intelligence and substantially reduces the burden on central controllers for this uncertain-rich task.

软体机器人抓取流匹配轻量化学习

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