用神经元脉冲机制实现低能耗高并发的区块链共识。
Proof-of-Spiking-Neurons(PoSN): Neuromorphic Consensus for Next-Generation Blockchains
- 模拟神经元脉冲竞争选主，事件驱动并行处理
- 能效比传统协议提升数倍，吞吐量与收敛速度显著优化
- 适合物联网和边缘设备部署的可持续区块链系统
区块链系统长期面临可扩展性、延迟和能源效率不足的问题。现有共识协议如工作量证明（PoW）和权益证明（PoS）或消耗过多资源，或存在中心化风险。本文提出一种受脉冲神经网络启发的类脑共识协议——脉冲神经元共识（Proof-of-Spiking-Neurons, PoSN）。PoSN将交易编码为脉冲序列，通过神经元竞争性放电选举领导者，并利用神经同步完成区块确认，实现低功耗的并行事件驱动共识。基于Nengo和PyNN等仿真框架，在类脑硬件上构建混合系统架构。实验表明，相比PoB和PoR，PoSN在能效、吞吐量和收敛速度方面均有显著提升。该方案为物联网、边缘计算及大规模分布式系统提供了可持续、自适应的区块链基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Blockchain systems face persistent challenges of scalability, latency, and energy inefficiency. Existing consensus protocols such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) either consume excessive resources or risk centralization. This paper proposes \textit{Proof-of-Spiking-Neurons (PoSN)}, a neuromorphic consensus protocol inspired by spiking neural networks. PoSN encodes transactions as spike trains, elects leaders through competitive firing dynamics, and finalizes blocks via neural synchronization, enabling parallel and event-driven consensus with minimal energy overhead. A hybrid system architecture is implemented on neuromorphic platforms, supported by simulation frameworks such as Nengo and PyNN. Experimental results show significant gains in energy efficiency, throughput, and convergence compared to PoB and PoR. PoSN establishes a foundation for sustainable, adaptive blockchains suitable for IoT, edge, and large-scale distributed systems.
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