arXiv:2511.03773cs.AI2025-11被引 28

用合成经验提升强化学习训练效率,减少真实环境试错。

Scaling Agent Learning via Experience Synthesis

  • 构建推理驱动的经验模型,自动生成可扩展的虚拟交互数据。
  • 在非RL就绪任务上性能超基线30%以上,低成本模拟媲美真实训练效果。
  • 适合需要高效试错的通用强化学习场景,尤其擅长模拟到现实迁移。

尽管强化学习(RL)可通过自主交互实现智能体自我改进,但其实际应用受限于高昂的环境采样成本、任务多样性不足、奖励信号不可靠以及基础设施复杂性,难以收集可扩展的经验数据。为此,我们提出DreamGym,首个面向可扩展性的统一经验合成框架,旨在支持自主智能体的有效在线强化学习训练。不同于依赖昂贵真实环境采样的方式,DreamGym将环境动态提炼为基于推理的经验模型,通过逐步推理生成一致的状态转移与反馈信号,实现可扩展的智能体采样。为提升转移稳定性与质量,该框架使用离线真实数据初始化经验回放缓冲区,并持续注入新交互数据以主动支撑训练。为增强知识获取能力,DreamGym自适应生成挑战当前策略的新任务,推动更高效的在线课程学习。在多种环境与智能体架构上的实验表明,DreamGym显著提升了强化学习训练效果,既适用于完全合成环境,也适用于仿真到现实的迁移场景。在非RL就绪任务WebArena上,其性能超越所有基线超过30%;在需要真实环境采样的低成本设置中,仅用合成交互即可达到GRPO和PPO的性能水平。将纯合成经验训练的策略迁移到真实环境时,DreamGym带来显著性能提升,同时大幅减少真实交互次数,为通用强化学习提供可扩展的预热策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While reinforcement learning (RL) can empower autonomous agents by enabling self-improvement through interaction, its practical adoption remains challenging due to costly rollouts, limited task diversity, unreliable reward signals, and infrastructure complexity, all of which obstruct the collection of scalable experience data. To address these challenges, we introduce DreamGym, the first unified framework designed to synthesize diverse experiences with scalability in mind to enable effective online RL training for autonomous agents. Rather than relying on expensive real-environment rollouts, DreamGym distills environment dynamics into a reasoning-based experience model that derives consistent state transitions and feedback signals through step-by-step reasoning, enabling scalable agent rollout collection for RL. To improve the stability and quality of transitions, DreamGym leverages an experience replay buffer initialized with offline real-world data and continuously enriched with fresh interactions to actively support agent training. To improve knowledge acquisition, DreamGym adaptively generates new tasks that challenge the current agent policy, enabling more effective online curriculum learning. Experiments across diverse environments and agent backbones demonstrate that DreamGym substantially improves RL training, both in fully synthetic settings and in sim-to-real transfer scenarios. On non-RL-ready tasks like WebArena, DreamGym outperforms all baselines by over 30%. And in RL-ready but costly settings, it matches GRPO and PPO performance using only synthetic interactions. When transferring a policy trained purely on synthetic experiences to real-environment RL, DreamGym yields significant additional performance gains while requiring far fewer real-world interactions, providing a scalable warm-start strategy for general-purpose RL.

强化学习经验合成模拟迁移智能体

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。