用卫星图预测车祸风险,还能给出可信度。
Beta Distribution Learning for Reliable Roadway Crash Risk Assessment

- 基于卫星图像建模,输出车祸风险的完整概率分布。
- 召回率提升17%-23%,预测更准且更可信。
- 适合城市规划和自动驾驶安全评估,可大规模应用。
道路交通事故是全球性健康危机,每年导致超过一百万人死亡,许多国家因此损失高达其GDP的3%。传统交通安全研究常孤立分析风险因素,忽视建成环境中的空间复杂性和上下文交互。此外,基于神经网络的传统风险估计器通常只输出点估计,无法表达模型不确定性,限制了其在关键决策中的应用。为此,我们提出一种新颖的地理空间深度学习框架,利用卫星影像作为全面的空间输入,使模型能够捕捉细微的空间模式和隐含的环境风险因素,从而影响致命事故风险。不同于单一确定性输出,我们的模型对致命事故风险进行完整的贝塔概率分布估计,实现准确且具备不确定性感知的预测——这对安全关键应用中的可信人工智能至关重要。实验表明,该模型在召回率上相比基线提升17%-23%,同时具备更优校准性能。仅凭卫星影像即可提供可靠、可解释的风险评估,助力更安全的自动驾驶,并为城市规划者和政策制定者提供一种高效、公平、低成本的道路安全改善工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Roadway traffic accidents represent a global health crisis, responsible for over a million deaths annually and costing many countries up to 3% of their GDP. Traditional traffic safety studies often examine risk factors in isolation, overlooking the spatial complexity and contextual interactions inherent in the built environment. Furthermore, conventional Neural Network-based risk estimators typically generate point estimates without conveying model uncertainty, limiting their utility in critical decision-making. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a novel geospatial deep learning framework that leverages satellite imagery as a comprehensive spatial input. This approach enables the model to capture the nuanced spatial patterns and embedded environmental risk factors that contribute to fatal crash risks. Rather than producing a single deterministic output, our model estimates a full Beta probability distribution over fatal crash risk, yielding accurate and uncertainty-aware predictions--a critical feature for trustworthy AI in safety-critical applications. Our model outperforms baselines by achieving a 17-23% improvement in recall, a key metric for flagging potential dangers, while delivering superior calibration. By providing reliable and interpretable risk assessments from satellite imagery alone, our method enables safer autonomous navigation and offers a highly scalable tool for urban planners and policymakers to enhance roadway safety equitably and cost-effectively.
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