用轨迹级元学习提升网格模拟速度与精度,支持快速适应新场景
Context-aware Learned Mesh-based Simulation via Trajectory-Level Meta-Learning
- 将模拟建模为轨迹级元学习,利用条件神经过程快速适应新场景
- 单次调用即可预测稳定准确的运动轨迹,误差积累显著降低
- 适合需要快速高精度仿真的机器人操控与制造优化任务
物体形变模拟在机器人、制造和结构力学等多个科学领域中至关重要。基于图网络的可学习模拟器(GNS)相比传统基于网格的物理模拟器,具有更快的速度和天然可微性,特别适用于机器人操作或制造优化等需快速准确模拟的应用。然而,现有可学习模拟器通常依赖单步观测,难以利用时间上下文信息,导致无法推断材料属性;同时依赖自回归滚动预测,长期轨迹误差迅速累积。本文将网格模拟建模为轨迹级元学习问题,采用条件神经过程实现从少量初始数据快速适应新模拟场景,并捕捉其潜在模拟特性。通过运动基元直接预测快速、稳定且精确的模拟结果,无需多步推理。提出的运动基元元-网格图网络(M3GN)在多个任务中相较当前最优的GNS模型,以极低的运行开销实现了更高的模拟精度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Simulating object deformations is a critical challenge across many scientific domains, including robotics, manufacturing, and structural mechanics. Learned Graph Network Simulators (GNSs) offer a promising alternative to traditional mesh-based physics simulators. Their speed and inherent differentiability make them particularly well suited for applications that require fast and accurate simulations, such as robotic manipulation or manufacturing optimization. However, existing learned simulators typically rely on single-step observations, which limits their ability to exploit temporal context. Without this information, these models fail to infer, e.g., material properties. Further, they rely on auto-regressive rollouts, which quickly accumulate error for long trajectories. We instead frame mesh-based simulation as a trajectory-level meta-learning problem. Using Conditional Neural Processes, our method enables rapid adaptation to new simulation scenarios from limited initial data while capturing their latent simulation properties. We utilize movement primitives to directly predict fast, stable and accurate simulations from a single model call. The resulting approach, Movement-primitive Meta-MeshGraphNet (M3GN), provides higher simulation accuracy at a fraction of the runtime cost compared to state-of-the-art GNSs across several tasks.
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