用认知一致性替代高精度建模,让自动驾驶更像人类思考
Constructing the Umwelt: Cognitive Planning through Belief-Intent Co-Evolution
- 通过信念与意图协同演化,构建动态内部认知世界
- 在nuPlan上实现超越传统方法的规划性能,闭环模拟中展现类人行为
- 适合关注智能体认知机制、神经符号融合的研究者
本文挑战端到端自动驾驶中高性能规划需高保真世界重建的主流假设。受认知科学启发,提出心智贝叶斯因果世界模型(MBCWM),并实例化为分词意图世界模型(TIWM),一种新型认知计算架构。其核心理念认为,智能并非来自像素级客观精度,而是源于智能体内部意图世界与物理现实之间的认知一致性。通过融合冯·乌克斯库尔的‘自我世界’(Umwelt)理论、神经集合假说及三重因果模型(整合符号推理、概率归纳与力动力学),构建端到端具身规划系统。在nuPlan基准测试中验证该范式可行性。开环实验表明,信念-意图协同演化机制显著提升规划性能;关键的是,在闭环仿真中系统展现出地图可利用性理解、自由探索与自我恢复等类人认知行为。我们识别出认知一致性为核心学习机制:长期训练中,信念(状态理解)与意图(未来预测)通过隐式计算回放自发形成自组织平衡,实现内部表征与物理世界可用性的语义对齐。TIWM提供了一种神经符号融合、以认知优先的替代方案,开辟新方向:规划即主动理解,而非被动反应。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper challenges a prevailing epistemological assumption in End-to-End Autonomous Driving: that high-performance planning necessitates high-fidelity world reconstruction. Inspired by cognitive science, we propose the Mental Bayesian Causal World Model (MBCWM) and instantiate it as the Tokenized Intent World Model (TIWM), a novel cognitive computing architecture. Its core philosophy posits that intelligence emerges not from pixel-level objective fidelity, but from the Cognitive Consistency between the agent's internal intentional world and physical reality. By synthesizing von Uexküll's $\textit{Umwelt}$ theory, the neural assembly hypothesis, and the triple causal model (integrating symbolic deduction, probabilistic induction, and force dynamics) into an end-to-end embodied planning system, we demonstrate the feasibility of this paradigm on the nuPlan benchmark. Experimental results in open-loop validation confirm that our Belief-Intent Co-Evolution mechanism effectively enhances planning performance. Crucially, in closed-loop simulations, the system exhibits emergent human-like cognitive behaviors, including map affordance understanding, free exploration, and self-recovery strategies. We identify Cognitive Consistency as the core learning mechanism: during long-term training, belief (state understanding) and intent (future prediction) spontaneously form a self-organizing equilibrium through implicit computational replay, achieving semantic alignment between internal representations and physical world affordances. TIWM offers a neuro-symbolic, cognition-first alternative to reconstruction-based planners, establishing a new direction: planning as active understanding, not passive reaction.
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