比较街景图像与公众地理信息,发现两者对城市吸引力的判断部分吻合但有明显差异。
Do Street View Imagery and Public Participation GIS align: Comparative Analysis of Urban Attractiveness
- 用街景图像和机器学习预测城市吸引力,对比公众标注结果。
- 严格标准下仅27%~29%匹配,宽松标准下达67%~77%。
- 非视觉因素如噪音、人流影响感知,街景无法捕捉这些体验。
随着数字工具在空间规划中的普及,理解不同数据源如何反映人们对城市环境的体验至关重要。街景图像(SVI)和公众参与地理信息系统(PPGIS)是两种主流的场所感知捕捉方法,但其可比性尚未充分探讨。本研究分析了芬兰赫尔辛基市街景图像所反映的感知吸引力与全市范围PPGIS调查中居民报告的城市体验之间的对应关系。基于参与者评分的街景数据和语义图像分割,我们训练了一个机器学习模型,根据视觉特征预测感知吸引力,并将其与PPGIS标记的吸引或不吸引地点进行对比,采用严格和宽松两种标准计算一致率。结果显示两者仅有部分一致性:宽松标准下吸引与不吸引地点的一致率分别为67%和77%,而严格标准下分别降至27%和29%。通过分析噪声、交通、人群密度和土地利用等上下文变量,发现非视觉因素显著导致不一致。模型未能涵盖活动水平和环境压力等体验维度,这些因素虽影响感知却未在图像中体现。研究表明,尽管街景图像可作为城市感知的可扩展视觉代理,但无法完全替代通过PPGIS获得的丰富体验信息。我们认为两种方法各有价值,应采取更整合的方式,全面捕捉人们对城市环境的感知。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As digital tools increasingly shape spatial planning practices, understanding how different data sources reflect human experiences of urban environments is essential. Street View Imagery (SVI) and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) represent two prominent approaches for capturing place-based perceptions that can support urban planning decisions, yet their comparability remains underexplored. This study investigates the alignment between SVI-based perceived attractiveness and residents' reported experiences gathered via a city-wide PPGIS survey in Helsinki, Finland. Using participant-rated SVI data and semantic image segmentation, we trained a machine learning model to predict perceived attractiveness based on visual features. We compared these predictions to PPGIS-identified locations marked as attractive or unattractive, calculating agreement using two sets of strict and moderate criteria. Our findings reveal only partial alignment between the two datasets. While agreement (with a moderate threshold) reached 67% for attractive and 77% for unattractive places, agreement (with a strict threshold) dropped to 27% and 29%, respectively. By analysing a range of contextual variables, including noise, traffic, population presence, and land use, we found that non-visual cues significantly contributed to mismatches. The model failed to account for experiential dimensions such as activity levels and environmental stressors that shape perceptions but are not visible in images. These results suggest that while SVI offers a scalable and visual proxy for urban perception, it cannot fully substitute the experiential richness captured through PPGIS. We argue that both methods are valuable but serve different purposes; therefore, a more integrated approach is needed to holistically capture how people perceive urban environments.
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