通过生成图词汇提升图模型微调稳定性,解决少样本迁移中的性能波动问题。
GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuning
- 基于节点邻域解耦识别可迁移子图模式,构建通用图词汇库。
- 在15个基准上实现更优的少样本分类效果,性能波动降低40%以上。
- 适合需要跨领域稳定迁移的图学习任务,如医疗、社交网络分析。
受语言与视觉领域基础模型成功的启发,图基础模型(GFMs)在各类图任务中展现出广阔应用前景。然而现有GFMs在少样本微调时表现不稳定,性能和适应效率因支持样本随机选择及源目标图结构差异而显著波动。如何实现鲁棒高效的微调以保障知识可信迁移是核心挑战。本文提出GRAVER框架,通过生成式增强解决上述不稳定性问题。具体而言,通过节点邻域解耦分析并提取关键类别特异性子图模式,理论与实证验证其可迁移性;基于邻域相似性设计通用任务模板,利用graphon生成专家构建图词汇库;通过轻量级MoE-CoE网络,在上下文词汇引导下路由源域知识,实现稳健高效提示微调。大量实验表明,相比15个先进基线,GRAVER在下游少样本节点与图分类任务中均表现出更高有效性、鲁棒性与效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Inspired by the remarkable success of foundation models in language and vision, Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) hold significant promise for broad applicability across diverse graph tasks and domains. However, existing GFMs struggle with unstable few-shot fine-tuning, where both performance and adaptation efficiency exhibit significant fluctuations caused by the randomness in the support sample selection and structural discrepancies between the pre-trained and target graphs. How to fine-tune GFMs robustly and efficiently to enable trustworthy knowledge transfer across domains and tasks is the major challenge. In this paper, we propose GRAVER, a novel Generative gRAph VocabulariEs for Robust GFM fine-tuning framework that tackles the aforementioned instability via generative augmentations. Specifically, to identify transferable units, we analyze and extract key class-specific subgraph patterns by ego-graph disentanglement and validate their transferability both theoretically and empirically. To enable effective pre-training across diverse domains, we leverage a universal task template based on ego-graph similarity and construct graph vocabularies via graphon-based generative experts. To facilitate robust and efficient prompt fine-tuning, we grave the support samples with in-context vocabularies, where the lightweight MoE-CoE network attentively routes knowledge from source domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of GRAVER over effectiveness, robustness, and efficiency on downstream few-shot node and graph classification tasks compared with 15 state-of-the-art baselines.
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