arXiv:2511.05605cs.LGcs.AR2025-11中稿 · paper被引 2

边缘AI设备可高效删除数据,兼顾隐私与性能。

FiCABU: A Fisher-Based, Context-Adaptive Machine Unlearning Processor for Edge AI

  • 从后端层开始渐进式删改,按需停止以节省计算。
  • 深度自适应平衡抑制强度,保留准确率不下降。
  • 硬件加速下能耗降至基线1/70,适合资源受限场景。

机器遗忘因隐私法规和“被遗忘权”需求,在边缘计算中日益重要,但传统依赖服务器或重新训练的方法难以在计算与能耗受限的边缘设备上应用。本文提出FiCABU(基于Fisher的上下文自适应均衡遗忘),一种软硬件协同设计,将遗忘能力引入边缘AI处理器。FiCABU结合(1)上下文自适应遗忘:从网络后端层开始编辑,一旦达成目标遗忘即停止;(2)均衡抑制:按深度动态调节抑制强度,以保持保留数据准确率。该方法实现于全量RTL级的RISC-V边缘AI处理器设计,集成轻量级Fisher估计与抑制模块,嵌入以GEMM为中心的流水线架构。在FPGA原型上验证,并在45nm工艺下综合用于功耗分析。在CIFAR-20和PinsFaceRecognition数据集上,使用ResNet-18和ViT模型,FiCABU实现随机猜测遗忘准确率,且保留准确率与无重训练的选定突触抑制(SSD)基线持平,计算量减少最多达87.52%(ResNet-18)和71.03%(ViT)。在INT8硬件原型上,进一步提升保留性能,能耗降至基线的6.48%(CIFAR-20)和0.13%(PinsFaceRecognition)。结果表明,基于后端优先、深度感知的遗忘策略可在资源受限的边缘设备上实现高效实用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine unlearning, driven by privacy regulations and the "right to be forgotten", is increasingly needed at the edge, yet server-centric or retraining-heavy methods are impractical under tight computation and energy budgets. We present FiCABU (Fisher-based Context-Adaptive Balanced Unlearning), a software-hardware co-design that brings unlearning to edge AI processors. FiCABU combines (i) Context-Adaptive Unlearning, which begins edits from back-end layers and halts once the target forgetting is reached, with (ii) Balanced Dampening, which scales dampening strength by depth to preserve retain accuracy. These methods are realized in a full RTL design of a RISC-V edge AI processor that integrates two lightweight IPs for Fisher estimation and dampening into a GEMM-centric streaming pipeline, validated on an FPGA prototype and synthesized in 45 nm for power analysis. Across CIFAR-20 and PinsFaceRecognition with ResNet-18 and ViT, FiCABU achieves random-guess forget accuracy while matching the retraining-free Selective Synaptic Dampening (SSD) baseline on retain accuracy, reducing computation by up to 87.52 percent (ResNet-18) and 71.03 percent (ViT). On the INT8 hardware prototype, FiCABU further improves retain preservation and reduces energy to 6.48 percent (CIFAR-20) and 0.13 percent (PinsFaceRecognition) of the SSD baseline. In sum, FiCABU demonstrates that back-end-first, depth-aware unlearning can be made both practical and efficient for resource-constrained edge AI devices.

边缘计算机器遗忘硬件优化隐私保护

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