arXiv:2511.06042cs.LG2025-11

用凸神经网络和哈密顿-雅可比正则化,实现高效且一致的生成模型传输过程。

COFM: Consistent Optimal Transport Flow Matching via Partially Input Convex Neural Networks

  • 用部分输入凸神经网络参数化势能,保证优化稳定性。
  • 在D=256时,L^2-UVP指标提升2倍以上,计算时间减少9倍。
  • 适合需要高效、几何一致生成建模的研究者使用。

最优传输(OT)为学习概率分布间映射提供了严谨框架,广泛应用于生成建模、反问题求解和科学计算。近年来,流匹配方法成为学习连续时间传输动力学的高效范式。然而,现有基于OT的流匹配方法常因内部优化带来高计算成本或一致性受限。设计同时满足凸性、稳定性和高效传输学习的神经架构仍具挑战。本文提出一致最优传输流匹配框架(COFM),通过部分输入凸神经网络(PICNN)参数化传输势能,并引入哈密顿-雅可比残差至训练目标,以强制学习流的动力学一致性。该设计实现了统一公式,支持单步与多步基于ODE的采样,无需昂贵的内层优化。在基准数据集上的大量实验表明,所提方法在性能上优于现有基于OT和流匹配的方法,同时具备良好计算效率。尤其在D=256基准下,相比当前最优模型,COFM在L^2-UVP上实现超过2倍的降低,计算时间减少约9倍。结果表明,结合凸势结构与基于HJ的动力学正则化,可为可扩展且几何一致的传输学习提供有效框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Optimal transport (OT) provides a principled framework for learning mappings between probability distributions, and has found broad applications in generative modeling, inverse problems and scientific computing. Recently, flow matching methods have emerged as an efficient paradigm for learning continuous-time transport dynamics. However, existing OT-based flow matching methods often suffer from either high computational cost due to inner optimization or limited consistency. Moreover, it remains challenging to design neural architectures that can simultaneously guarantee convexity, stability, and efficient transport learning. In this paper, we propose a framework for consistent optimal transport flow matching. Specifically, we parameterize the transport potential using partially input convex neural networks (PICNN), and incorporate a Hamilton-Jacobi residual into the training objective to enforce dynamical consistency of the learned flow. This design enables a unified formulation that supports both one-step transport and multi-step ODE-based sampling, without requiring costly inner optimization. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves competitive performance compared with existing OT-based and flow matching approaches, while maintaining favorable computational efficiency. In particular, under the D=256 benchmark, COFM achieves more than a 2x reduction in L^2-UVP compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, while requiring approximately 9x less computational time. These results suggest that combining convex potential structures with HJ-based dynamical regularization provides an effective framework for scalable and geometrically consistent transport learning.

生成模型最优传输流匹配凸网络

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